254 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



[No. 202. 



camera for periods varying from 10 to 60 seconds, 

 according to circumstances. In sunshine, and 

 when the object to be copied is bright, 5 seconds 

 in this climate (India) is sufficient. Excellent 

 portraits are obtained in shade in 30 seconds ; 60 

 seconds is the maximum of exposure. The pic- 

 ture is remo^ted• from the camera and allowed to 

 develop itself spontaneously in the dark, then 

 soaked in water, and fixed in the usual manner 

 with the hyposulphite of soda." — Athenceum, 

 Jan. 10, 1852. 



HcpIiCiS to :^tn0r €ix\txiti. 



Alterius Orbis Papa (Vol. iii., p. 497.). — It was 

 Pope Urban TI. who, at the Council of Bari, in 

 Apulia, gave this title to St. Anselm, the cotem- 

 porai'y Ai'chbishop of Canterbury, who was pre- 

 sent, and, in a learned and eloquent discourse, 

 confuted the Greeks. See Laud's Wo)'ks (Ang.- 

 Cath. Lib.), vol. li. p. 190. : note where the autho- 

 rities William of Malmesbury and John Capgrave 

 iare cited. E. H. A. 



"All my eye" (Vol. vii., p. 525.). — An earlier 

 use of this " cant phrase " than that given by Mr. 

 Daniel may be found in Archbishop Bramhall's 

 Ansuier to the Epistle of M. de la Milletiere^ which 

 answer was first published in 1653 : — 



" Fifthly, suppose (all this notwithstanding) such a 

 conference should hold, what reason have you to pro- 

 mise to yourself such success as to obtaui so easy a 

 victory? You have had conferences and conferences 

 again at Poissy and other places, and gained by them 

 just as much as you might put in your eye and see never 

 the worse." — Bramhall's IVorks, vol. i. pp. 68-9., edit. 

 0.f. 1842. 



The Archbishop elsewhere makes use of the 

 same expression. Of its origin I can say nothing : 

 nor of " over the left." 11. Blakiston. 



" Clamour your tongues" &fc. (Vol. viii., p. 169.). 

 — Surely, surely, the " cZame water," in II. C. K.'s 

 extract from The Castel of Helthe, and which is 

 set in antithetical opposition to " a rough water," 

 is only calme water ; by that common metathesis 

 which gives us hriddes for birds, brunt for burnt, 

 &c. H. T. GRirriTH. 



Spiked Maces represented in the Windows of 

 the Abbey Church, Great Malvern. — There is an 

 instrument of this nature described by some of the 

 martyrologists under the name of " Scorpio," and 

 figured by Hieronymus Magius (Jerome Maggi) 

 in his treatise De Equxdeo. It is there repre- 

 sented as a thick stick, set with iron points, and 

 was used, together with rods, and the plumbetae or 

 loaded chain scourges, to torment the confessors. 



I am inclined to think, however, that the wea- 

 pons represented in the windows at Great Malvern 



are intended for morning stars, which were much 

 employed in arming the watch in the cities of 

 northern Europe in the Middle Ages, and at a 

 later period as well. This weapon (a variety of 

 which was called a holy-water sprinkle, from the 

 brush-like arrangement of its spikes) had a long 

 shaft like a halbert, and is often introduced in 

 paintings of the sixteenth and seventeenth cen- 

 turies, as borne by the Jewish guard who appear 

 in the various scenes of Our Lord's Passion. 



Of course the artists represented their charac- 

 ters as wearing the dress and provided with arms 

 of their own period ; as we see the Koman soldiers 

 at the foot of the cross in some German and Dutch 

 pictures, mere portraits of the sworders and swash- 

 bucklers of the seventeenth century. 



I may mention that a weapon of this coarse 

 description is generally put into the hands of a 

 ruffian, or at least of some very inferior character. 

 In La ISIort D'Artur, Sir Launcelot encounters 

 on a bridge " a passing foul churl," who disputes 

 his passage, and " lashes at him with a great club, 

 full of iron pins." 



I remember seeing a barbarous weapon taken 

 from a piratical vessel, which consisted of a mas- 

 sive wooden club, heavily loaded with lead, fur- 

 nished with a spike at the smaller end, and thickly 

 studded with iron nails, tenter hooks, and the 

 hammers of gun locks. This was something like 

 the old Danish club. W. J. Bebnhard Smith, 



Oxford. 



Ampers and (iff or Sf^) (Vol. viii., p. 173.). — 

 " N. & Q." has exhibited a forgetfulness, of which 

 he is very seldom guilty. If he and his corre- 

 spondent Mr. Mansfield Ingleby will refer to 

 Vol. ii., p. 230., they will find the same question 

 asked by Mr. M, A. Lower ; and if they will 

 turn over the leaves to p. 284., they will find an 

 answer by *., which be now begs to repeat. The 

 word designated is and-per-se-and. Curiously 

 enough, the first of the above printed symbols 

 seems to have been formed from <I>.'s explanation, 

 that it was nothing more than a flourishing " et." 



Its (Vol. viii., p. 12.). — In compliance with the 

 request of your correspondent B. II. C, I have the 

 pleasure to inform him that in Richard Burnfield's 

 Poems (reprinted by James Boswell for the Rox- 

 burgh Club), " The Complaint of Poetrie for the 

 death of Liberalitie," 1598, is one of the pieces, 

 and on the first page of signature C. the word its 

 occurs, but as a contraction of it is : 



" The maimed souldier commlng from the warre ; 



The woefull wight, whose house was lately burnd; 

 The sillie soule ; the woful traueylar ; 



And all, whom Fortune at her feet hath spurnd ; 



Lament the losse of Liberalitie ; 

 Its ease to haue in griefe some companie." 



