514 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



[No. 213. 



"this lady erected the original monument in 

 Lambeth churchyard upon the death of her hus- 

 band in 1662. She died 1678. G. 



tiBAMMAB IN RELATION TO LOGIC. 



Dr. Latham (Outlines of Logic, p. 21., 1847, and 

 English Language, p. 510., 2nd edition) defines the 

 conjunction to be a part of speech that connects 

 propositions, not words. His doctrine is so palpably 

 and demonstrably false, that I am somewhat at a 

 loss to understand how a man of his penetration 

 can be so far deceived by a crotchet as to be 

 blind to the host of examples which point to the 

 direct converse of liis doctrine. Let the learned 

 Doctor try to resolve the sentence. All men are 

 either two-legged, one-legged, or no-legged, into 

 three constituent propositions. It cannot be done ; 

 either and or are here conj unctions which connect 

 words and not propositions. In the example, 

 John and James carry a basket, it is of course quite 

 plain that the logic of the matter is that John 

 carries one portion of the basket, and James carries 

 the rest. But to identify these two propositions 

 with the first mentioned. Is to confound grammar 

 with logic. The former deals with the method of 

 expression, the latter with the method of stating 

 (in thought) and syllogising. To take another 

 example, Charles and Thomas stole all the apples. 

 The fact probably was, that Charles' pockets con- 

 tained some of the apples, and Thomas' pockets 

 contained all the rest. But the business of gram- 

 mar in the above sentence is to regulate the form 

 of the expression, not to reason upon the matter 

 expressed. A little thouglit will soon convince 

 any person accustomed to these subjects that 

 conjunctions always connect words, not propositions. 

 The only work in which I have seen Dr. Latham's 

 fundamental error exposed, is in Boole's Mathe- 

 matical Analysis of Logic; the learned author, 

 though he seems unsettled on many matters of 

 logic and metaphysics, has clearly made up his 

 mind on the point now under discussion. He 

 says : 



" The proposition, every animal is either rational or 

 irrational, cannot ba resolved into, Either every animal 

 IS rational, or every animal is irrational. The former 

 belongs to pure categoricals, the latter to hypothe- 

 ticals [Query disjunctives']. In singular propositions 

 such conversions would seem to be allowable. This 

 animal is either rational or irrational, is equivalent to, 

 Either this animal is rational, or it is irrational. This 

 peculiarity of s!M(7?</ur propositions would almost justify 

 our ranking them, though truly universals, in a separate 

 class, as Ramus and his followers did." — P. .59. 

 This certainly seems unanswerable. 



If Dr. Latham Is a reader of "N. &Q.," I 

 should be glad If he would jjlve his reasons for 



adhering to his original doctrine in the face of 

 such facts as those I have instanced. 



C. Mansfield Inglebt. 

 Birmingham. 



THE CORONET [cROWN] OT LLEWELYN AP GRIF- 

 FITH, PRINCE OF WALES. 



A notice, transferred to The Times of the 5th 

 instant from a recent number of The Builder, on 

 the shrine of Edward the Confessor, after men- 

 tioning that " to this shrine Edward I. offered the 

 Scottish regalia and the coronation cliair, which is 

 still preserved," adds, " Alphonso, about 1280, 

 offered It the golden coronet of Llewelyn, Prince 

 of Wales, and other jewels." 



Who was Alphonso? And would the con- 

 tributor of the notice favour the readers of " N. 

 & Q." with the authority in extenso for the offer- 

 ing of this coronet ? 



The period assigned for the offering Is certainly 

 too early ; Llewelyn ap Griffith, " the last sove- 

 reign of one of the most ancient ruling families of 

 Europe" (Hist, of England, by Sir James Mackin- 

 tosh, vol. ii. p. 254.), having been slain at Builth, 

 Dec. 11, 1282. Warrington (Hist, of Wales, 

 vol.11, p. 271.), on the authority of Rymer's i^a- 

 de7-a, vol. II. p. 224., says : " Upon stripping Lle- 

 welyn there were found his Privy Seal ; a paper 

 that was filled with dark expressions, and a list 

 of names written in a kind of cypher;" omitting, 

 It will be observed, any reference to Llewelyn's 

 coronet. That monarch's crown was probably 

 obtained and transmitted to Edward I. on the 

 capture, June 21, 1283, or shortly after, of his 

 brother David ap Griffith, Lord of Denbigh, who 

 had assumed the Welsh throne on the demise of 

 Llewelyn ; the Princess Catherine, the daughter 

 and heir of the latter, and de jure sovereign Prin- 

 cess of Wales, being then an Infant. Wai-rington 

 states (vol. ii. p. 285.) that when David was 

 taken, a relic, highly venerated by the Princes of 

 Wales, was found upon him, called Crosseneych, 

 supposed to be a part of the real cross brought by 

 St. Neots into Wales from the Holy Land ; and 

 he adds that, besides the above relic, which was 

 voluntarily delivered up to Edward by a secretary 

 of the late Prince of Wales, " the crown of the 

 celebrated King Arthur, with many precious 

 jewels, was about this time presented to Edward," 

 citing as his authorities Annates Waverleienses, 

 p. 238. ; Eymer's Fcedej-a, vol. ii. p. 247. 



There are some particulars of these relics in the 

 Archceologia Camh^ensis ; but neither that period- 

 ical, nor the authorities referred to by Warrington, 

 are at the moment accessible to me. 



CAMnRO-BRITON. 



