of Passage in the Neighbourhood of Carlisle. 101 



those adopted by his predecessor, has substituted others, but 

 we really think with very little or no improvement. In order 

 that the reader may judge for himself, we have given the 

 names applied to these small Sandpipers, by Stephens, Selby, 

 and Richardson. b3 noramoO srii 



Tringa piisilla. Tringa minuta. 



Stephens* ... Little or Temminck's j M; Dun]i 



Dunlin. J 



Selbyf Little Tringa. Minute Tringa. 



Richardsont. Diminutive Sand- 1 D . , . 



piper. j Il £ m y Sanc, P 1 P er - 



Now, the size and weight of T, pusilla and T. minuta are 

 so nearly the same, that the trivial names of Little, Pigmy, 

 Minute, and Diminutive, may with equal propriety be given 

 to both, and certainly do not point out any of their decided 

 specific marks of distinction ; and as Dr. Fleming has not given 

 either of these birds an English name, we have ventured, after 

 some hesitation, to call the former the Cuneate-tailed Sand- 

 piper, and the latter the Double Fork-tailed Sandpiper ; names 

 which we trust will induce ornithologists to examine this bird 

 with greater attention, and consequently the more readily lead 

 to the detection of these two species. 



At the same time we are fully aware that even these names 

 are not altogether free from objection ; as one or two of the 

 extra-European species of diminutive Sandpipers are stated to 

 have tails of very similar formation §. 



158. Ruff {Tringa pugnax). — Two young females of the 

 year, of this species, were shot on Rock cliff' Marsh on the 23rd 

 and 25th days of August. From various sources of informa- 

 tion we are strongly inclined to think that a few young Ruff's 

 annually resort for a short time to the Salt Marshes in the vi- 

 cinity of Solway Firth, during their autumnal migration. 



160. Common Lapwing {Vanellus cristatus.) — A rather sin- 



* Shaw's General Zoology, vol. xii. part i. pp. 101, 102, 105. 



f Selby's Illustrations of British Ornithology, 4to edition, No. 9. Se- 

 cond Series, pp. 127, 128. 



J Fauna Bo? call- Americana , part ii. pp. 385, 386. 



§ It is very evident, from an examination of the synonyms, that ornitho- 

 logists entertain doubts whether the T. pusilla of Wilson's American Orni- 

 thology (vol. v. p. 32) is identical with the T. pusilla met with in Europe ; al- 

 though we rather suspect that they will ultimately prove to be the same 

 birds. Wilson observes that the little Sandpiper found in the United States, 

 H resides chiefly among tho sea marshes, and feeds among the mud at low 

 water; springs with a zigzag irregular flight, and a feeble twit,"- — which is 

 a very accurate description of the flight, note and locality, of the two 

 birds recently obtained near Carlisle. 



