112 Dr Christie on the Meteorology/, Geology^ ^c. 



sociated. I have met with greywacke slate on the Mulperba, 

 and in the southern parts of the district. 



Gneiss. — All the transition gneiss that I have met with in the 

 Darwar district was weathered ; and, at first sight, therefore, it 

 closely resembled a loose sandstone. It occurs in large quanti- 

 ties at Dummul ; and beds of it are also met with at Nurgoond, 

 associated with talc slate. 



Quartz Rock, — Beds of quartz are found among all the other 

 transition rocks in these districts ; and, in some instances, they 

 .are very large. It also occurs in all of them in the form of 

 veins. 



In the whole of that tract of country, extending from Darwar 

 to beyond Kittore, and which is characterized by its parallel 

 ranges of hills, the quartz occurs in large beds, which are almost 

 invariably found forming the summits of these ranges. This 

 circumstance enables us to account for the hills being parallel to 

 the strata of which they are composed ; and, consequently, to each 

 other. The durable nature of the beds of quartz has caused 

 them to resist the attacks of the weather, while the soft clay- 

 slates with which they are associated have gradually given way. 

 The valleys have thus been scooped out between the parallel 

 beds of quartz rock, which we find forming the summits of all 

 the hills ; their flanks and the bottoms of the valleys consisting 

 of the softer and more perishable clay slates. The hypothetical 

 section, fig 5, Plate IV. will probably afford a clearer conception 

 of this arrangement. 



The quartz of which these beds are composed, is in general 

 deeply coloured with iron. Some varieties, however, have a grey 

 colour, a splintery fracture, and closely resemble hornstone. It 

 has often a uniform brown, colour ; and some specimens contain 

 so much iron, as to increase considerably their specific gravity. 

 In many instances, the base of the rock is white or grey ; and is 

 -traversed in all directions by dark brown coloured veins highly 

 impregnated with iron. But, in some specimens, the dark brown 

 variety is in much larger quantity than the white basis ; and 

 then the latter appears as if it had been broken into a number 

 of small angular fragments, which had been afterwards united 

 by the consolidation of the brown variety from the fluid form. 

 This variety contains numerous small cavities, which are lined 



