trcmslated Swallow in the English Bible. 95 



tbem are wikl^ all equally the children of freedom, whether they 

 approach the habitations of man, or skim along the extended 

 moon, resort to the solitary mountains, or retire to the sheltered 

 valleys. This account, however, cannot be given of the dove. 

 There is a tame dove and a wild dove ; one that is subdued by 

 man, familiarised to his presence, and frequent about his dwell- 

 ing ; and others that spurn his dominion, laughs at his com. 

 mands, and roams wherever he pleases. 



The Hebrews, then, made excellent use of this distinction, 

 when they called the wild dove deror, or free, in opposition to 

 the tame one, which was more under restraint, and did not feel 

 inclined to throw off the interference of man, under whose pro- 

 tection it had come. 



As they gave it this name, because it was not subjected to 

 control, as the tame dove might be considered ; so Basil, for a 

 similar reason, gave to a collection of those doves, the name of 

 ten agelan ten oikonomon^ the self directed-herd. 



What species of wild dove is meant by deror is not easy to 

 determine. We are confident it was a species well known in 

 Palestine ; and are very much inclined to think that it was one 

 or other of these three species, the brown dove of Russel, al- 

 ready referred to, mentioned in his History of Aleppo ; the mi- 

 gratory dove of Alexandria, mentioned by Forskal ; or the ring 

 dove, the same as the palumbus or wood pigeon. 



The ring dove is not mentioned in the Hebrew scripture, un- 

 less it be the deror. We have already seen that deror is trans- 

 lated ring dove, by the Ethiopic interpreter ; and we observe 

 that Bishop Home has adopted this translation. 



We do not know whether the brown dove of Aleppo continues 

 in that neighbourhood all the year, but, as it builds its nest in 

 the windows of houses in that city, it must have been known for 

 a long time in that quarter, probably, as far back as the days of 

 David and Solomon. 



As to the migratory dove of Alexandria, noticed by Forskal, 

 there is this remarkable circumstance concerning it, that it is cal- 

 led derori — the very name in Hebrew belonging to that bird, 

 which we are now considering, and whence arises a strong pre- 

 sumption, that deror may be this very species of dove ; much 

 stronger, indeed, than can be brought for any other bird. 



