State of the Austrian and Hungarian Mines. 223 



are open ; but the others are close, with a height of from 

 19 to 36 feet. At Vodernberg there are 14 furnaces, and at 

 Eisenerz four, which derive their carbonate of iron from 

 the same mine, in a mountain 2000 feet high, consisting of 

 sparry iron-stone. The mine is in the open air, and from 

 the different parts of the mine, the ore is carried by rail- 

 ways. One of these is 3 leagues and the other 5, in length. 

 Charcoal is used for fuel. The quantity of iron and steel 

 produced is 400,000 quints., at 16s. 8d. per quintal. 



In Hungary, at Schemnitz and Kremnitz, where the 

 mines have been worked for 1100 years, the ores occur in 

 thick veins, in dioritic porphyry surrounded by trachyte. 

 The neighbourhood of Schemnitz, though poor in running 

 water, is well supplied with ponds and canals, which collect 

 the rain water from the neighbouring mountains. A steam 

 engine is in action here. For several years, this mine cost 

 more than it produced, but that of Kremnitz affords a 

 profit. The annual produce in Lower Hungary is 35,000 

 marcs (22-737 lbs.) of silver, and above 600 marcs of gold. 

 Upper Hungary and Nagybania produce annually 30,000 

 marcs. 



Lower Hungary affords nearly 6000 quints, of copper, 

 Upper Hungary 18,000 quints., the Bannat 6000. Hungary 

 yields but little iron. 



Bohemia, rich in all the metals, exhibits most of its 

 mines in an abandoned state. Gold is procured in the 

 rivers Zasava and Wattawa, near Prague, and there is a 

 mine of it in the Eulengebirge. 1000 marcs of silver are 

 raised at loachimsthal. 



The mine at Przibram yields 22,000 marcs of silver, and 

 20,000 quints, of lead. At Miess, 10,000 quints, are raised. 

 Bohemia furnishes 200 quints, of copper, besides white 

 arsenic and blue cobalt. There are 40 or 50 high furnaces 

 in this country which produce 400,000 quints, of iron ; 

 500 quints, of tin are raised. Oil of vitriol is manufactured 

 to a considerable extent here, by calcining blue vitriol 

 obtained from the washings of the slates. 



The principal manufactures are at Radnitz, and the 

 annual product is 25,000 to 30,000 quints, of fuming acid. 

 Porcelain is manufactured. The coal is much neglected 

 from the abundance of wood. There are two great rail- 



