14 



being mentioned in any English document is in the wardrobe 

 account of the ^8th Edward I. * In the year 1345, Coursus 

 de Gaugeland, apothecarius de Lond\ had attended King 

 Edward III. in one of his Scottish expeditions, and afforded him 

 rehef when he was detained by a grievous sickness ; for which 

 service the monarch rewarded him with a pension of 6d. a day 

 for his life. ^ No apothecarius appears in the York register 

 at this period, but the term medicus signified at that time, as at 

 present, a higher class of practitioners. ^ 



The progress of commerce and manufacturers yet remains to 

 be noticed. With regard to the former it may suffice to observe 

 that the number of persons registered during this reign, under 

 the names of Mercator and Merchaunt, and of Nautilus and 

 Mariner, as compared with the preceding half century, is nearly 

 in the proportion of five to one ; and from the admission of 

 several under the denomination of Schipwrights, it may be 

 inferred that ship-building was one of the arts then introduced 

 into York. As to manufactures, I may notice, in the first place, 

 that leather continues to be one of the staple articles of produc- 

 tiouc About 150 Tanners and 100 Pelters and Skynners, with 

 an increased number of Couraours and Tewers, manifest to what 

 extent this manufacture was prosecuted; and, in connection 

 with it, a new branch of business occurs, viz., that of Barker, 

 of whom 30 are registered in about as many years. An increase 

 of Horners shews that a greater demand had arisen for the 

 various useful articles formed of that material. 



But unquestionably the most important feature of this period 

 is the introduction into the city of the manufacture of woollen 

 cloth. It is a well known historical fact, that prior to the early 

 part of the 14thcentury,wool was exported from England in large 

 quantities to various places on the continent of Europe, and espe- 

 cially to the Netherlands. Mr. Frost in his valuable " Notices 



* " Petro Apotecario Eegine, pro nucibus, piris, pipere, ficubus, et racen' et aliis 

 fructibus et speciarum diversis emptis per eundem," &c. Lib. Quot. p. 58. 



2 Foedera II. 61. Ed. 1816. 



3 King Edward III. granted a pension of £100 a year to Pontius de Coutrone, 

 whom he calls dikcttis medicus noster, for his services to the King's father and 

 mother. Ibid. 863. 



