102 



decidedly narrow and low ; the parietal wide and often much 

 elevated ; and the occipital, though likewise small, often protu- 

 berant in the centre.* Other shapes however exist ; thus one of 

 the crania, (5) is very flat and wide in the parietal region, whilst 

 it has both a wider and higher forehead. A few of the skulls (e.g. 

 12) approximate more closely to the modern European standard, 

 and are better proportioned and tolerably ample in the frontal 

 region. Probably three out of every four of the crania 

 examined, belong to the first described class, as regards form. 



Scattered amongst the disturbed human remains, and even 

 within a foot of the undisturbed skeletons, were found several 

 bones of some of the lower animals. Amongst these were the 

 bones, including the jaws and teeth, of a small horse, and the 

 fragments of the burr of a deer's antler ; but the majority con- 

 sisted of the bones of the small extinct ox, — the Bos longifrons 

 of Owen. Hitherto, I believe, the remains of this animal have 

 not been found with antiquities which can be assigned to a 

 later period than that of the Romans. The species, however, 

 may have possibly existed, in this part of the kingdom, down 

 to the time of the Saxons.f 



A few coins and counters were found, at depths varying 

 from six to ten feet. Some of these are very much worn, and 

 not to be deciphered. Two of them, however, are Nuremberg 

 counters, of the sixteenth or seventeenth century, one of 

 which bears the name of Hans Schultz. One of the coins 

 is that of a Ferdinand; and there is a second brass Roman 

 coin, perhaps of the Emperor Trajan. The most interesting 



* See plate 3. I am indebted to a friend for the sketches of the crania repre- 

 sented in this plate. They were taken with the craniograph, described by Dr. 

 Morton, (Crania Americana, p. ii94). The skulls are drawn to the same scale, 

 and are reduced to rather less than one-eighth of the actual diameter. Tlie skull 

 A, a, b, c, is introduced as a standard for comparison. This skull is of rather 

 more than average size, and well proportioned, though in shape, inclining rather 

 more to the round than usual. It was found in digging on the site of the Eailway 

 Station, in Tanner Kow, York. In this plate, the six crania, 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, and 12, 

 are, probably, those of males, and the other six, those of females. 



+ In plate 2, fig. 2, a metatarsal bone of Bos longifrons, from Lamel hill, is com- 

 pared with that of the common English ox. The size is reduced to one-tenth in 

 diameter. 



