Mae. 31. 1855.] 



NOTES AND QUICKIES. 



247 



then in the river, and prepared for resistance. 

 Some goods belonging to two members of the 

 Council were on board of the frigate; these 

 Dennis threatened to confiscate. Dissensions in 

 Council followed ; besides which, the people 

 generally, in the strongest manner, deprecated a 

 war. 



1652, March 12. A'greemenb"signod. Colony 

 to be subject to Commonwealth, but to enjoy all 

 " freedomes and privileges as freeborne people in 

 England ; to be governed by its Assembly as 

 heretofore ; to have her antient bounds and 

 lymitts ; free trade as the people of England do 

 enjoy ; be free from all taxes, customes, and im- 

 positions whatsoever ; with other privileges, such 

 as the limited use of the Prayer-Book," &c. The 

 treaty was referred by Long Parliament to the 

 !Navy Committee, which 



1652, Dec. 31, reported as to the disputed 

 boundary between Maryland and Virginia. No 

 farther action was had in parliament, it being dis- 

 solved in July following. 



1652, April. Berkeley having retired to his 

 mansion, where he entertained his cavalier friends 

 without molestation, Bennett and Clairborne, and 

 the Virginia burgesses, organised a government, 

 a governor, secretary, and council, who were to 

 have such powers and authority as the General 

 Assembly should grant. Bennett was elected 

 governor. 



1655, March 30. Edward Digges elected go- 

 vernor. 



1658, March 13. Samuel Matthews elected 

 governor. 



1659, January. Ex-Governor Bennett, ex- 

 Governor Digges, and Governor Matthews, sent 

 to London to attend to interests of Virginia. 



1659, March. Letter received from Henry 

 Lawrence, President of English Council, dated 

 Sept. 3, 1658, announcing Cromwell's death. 



1660, January. Governor Matthews died, no 

 one elected. 



1660, March 13. The Assembly declared that 

 there was now no generally confessed power in 

 England, and that the government of Virginia 

 rested in its Assembly. Berkeley appointed go- 

 vernor, but all writs to issue in the name of the 

 Assembly. Assembly not to be dissolved. 



1660, March 19. Berkeley accepted appoint- 

 ment. In his speech pledged himself to lay down 

 his commission, and live submissively obedient to 

 any power God should set over him. 



1660, March 21. Council assented to Berke- 

 ley's appointment ; most probably through influ- 

 ence of ex-Governor Bennett and Colonel Ed- 

 ward Hill. 



1660, July 31. Charles sent warrant to Berke- 

 ley dated at Westminster. 



1660, October 11. First mention of the king in 

 the Virginia legislation. 



1661, March 23. Assembly met. General act 

 passed to settle the laws in which many alterations 

 had been made, caused by the late unhappy dis- 

 tractions. 



The foregoing dates (new style) and statements 

 will, I think, be found correct by carefully col- 

 lating the following authorities : 



Acts of Assembly now in force. Williamsburg, 1733. 

 Oldmixon. British Empire in America. London, 

 1708, vol. i. p. 240., &c. 

 Beverlev. London, mdccv. Bk. i. p. 53., &c. 

 Clarendon. Oxford, 1826. VoL vi. p. 610., &c. (bk.xiii.) 

 Bancroft's U. S. Boston, vol. i. p. 223. 

 Charles Campbell's History of Virginia. Kichmond, 



1847, p. 64. &c. 



Burli's Hist. Virginia. Petersburg, 1804, vol. ii. p. 78. 

 &c. 



HaAvkes' Ecclesiastical History, Protestant Episcopal 

 in Virginia. New York, 1836, p. 58. &c. 



Chalmers' Political Annals. London, 1780, p. 220. &c. 



Howison. Hist. Virginia. Richmond and London, 



1848, vol. i. p. 292. &c. 



I might add others ; I say " by collating," be- 

 cause it will be seen that Mr. Bancroft, in a note, 

 reasons himself into a disbelief in the "Dutch 

 ships." Howison's criticism on Bancroft's nar- 

 rative is very just. Burk cites Ancient Records 

 for the statement. Besides which, see the ninth 

 article of the treaty. Thos. Balch. 



Philadelphia. 



" CARBONADE." 



(Vol. ix., p. 246.) 



C. D. Lamont's Query is answered in part by 

 the following, which I find in my note-book. 



In 1779 a piece of carriage ordnance, the 

 invention of General Robert Mellville, was cast 

 for the first time at the iron works of the Car- 

 ron Company, on the banks of the river Carron 

 in Scotland. Though shorter than the navy 

 4-pounder, and lighter than the navy 12-pounder, 

 this gun equalled in its cylinder the 8-inch 

 howitzer. Its destructive eflfects, when tried 

 against timber, induced its inventor to give it the 

 name oi smasher. As the smasher was chiefly in- 

 tended for a ship gun, the company early applied 

 to have it introduced into the English navy, but 

 were for a time unsuccessful. Supposing its size 

 and weight might operate against its general em- 

 ployment at sea, the proprietors of the foundry 

 ordered pieces cast corresponding in calibre with 

 the 24, 18, and 12-pounders in use. These new 

 pieces were readily sold to captains and others 

 fitting out private armed ships to cruise against 

 America, and were introduced about the same 

 time on board a few of the frigates and smaller 

 vessels of the Royal Navy. The new gun now 

 took the name of Carronade, and its several va- 

 rieties became distinguished like those of the old 

 gun by the weight of their respective shot. 



