36 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



[No. 272. 



found him to be a most amusing companion, full 

 of anecdote and varied information ; but our careers 

 lay widely separate, and I never saw him after- 

 wards. It is too true that he was very badly off 

 when he wrote his Memoirs, and that he died 

 after many years of misery — a disappointed and 

 ruined man — in spite of energy and talent, that 

 ought to have commanded an abundance of this 

 world's goods, and the respect of his cotempo- 

 raries. J. R. 



Malta. 



Origin of the Terms " Whig " and " Tory " 

 (Vol. X., p. 482.). — Rapin the historian's able 

 Dissertation sur les Whigs et les Torys, 1717, con- 

 tains the following passage : 



" Les partisans du Roi furent d'abord nommez Cava- 

 liers, nom qui a et^ change depuis, en celui de Torys. 

 Ceux du Parlement, qu'on appella d'abord Tetes Rondes, 

 ont recii, ensuite, le nom de Whigs. Voici I'origine de 

 ces deux derniers noms de Torys et de Whigs. On ap- 

 pelloit, en ce tems \h, Torys, certains brigands ou bandits 

 d'Irlande qui se tenoient sur les montagnes, ou dans les 

 isles que forment les vastes marais de ce pais-lk. On les 

 nomme, h present, Rapperies. Comme les ennemis du Roi 

 I'accusoient de favoriser la rebellion d'Irlande, qui ^clata 

 dans ce meme tems, lis donnferent h ses partisans le nom 

 de Torys. D'un autre cote, ceux-ci, pour rendre la pa- 

 reille h leurs ennemis, qui ^toient ^troitement unis avec 

 les Ecossois, leur donnferent le nom de Whigs, qui etoit 

 celui qu'on donnoit en Ecosse h une sembable espfece de 

 bandits. II paroit, par la, que ces deux noms sont aussi 

 anciens que les commencemens des troubles, et neanmoins, 

 ils ne sont venus h, la mode que plusieurs annees aprfes. 

 Je ne saurois dire pr^cisement en quel tems ; mais il me 

 semble, que les noms de Cavaliers et de Tetes Rondes ont 

 dur^ jusqu'au r^tablissement de Charles II., et qu'ensuite, 

 peu-k-peu, ceux de Torys et de Whigs ont pris leur place. 

 Ce sont ces deux partis qui ont commence k diviser I'An- 

 gleterre du tems de Charles I., et qui la divisent encore 

 aujourd'hui." 



In this work I find the (to me) first application 

 of the terms now in common use, "ultra" (outrez) 

 and "moderate" (moderez) to political parties. Is 

 there an earlier example of the employment of 

 those words in this sense ? C. Ross. 



Bell'Childe (Vol. x., p. 508.). — With no pre- 

 tension to legal knowledge, or acquaintance with 

 old terms, but from a mere common view of the 

 word in question, I should say it meant son-in-law, 

 from heau-Jils, or bel- enfant. F. C. H. 



Seals, Books relating to (Vol. x., p. 485.). — In 

 reply to your correspondent for books on seals, 

 I would beg to recommend him to The Catalogue 

 of Ancient Scottish Seals, by F. Laing, Edinburgh, 

 4to. plates, 1850, as the latest work on the subject. 



Many valuable remarks are to be found in the 

 various publications of the Society of Antiquaries 

 and the different Archaeological Institutes ; but as 

 an entire work on the subject, Laing's Ancient 

 Seals is much esteemed by those conversant with 



the matter. It is, I believe, the only one that 

 fully treats of it. It gives an interesting, though 

 brief, account of the art of engraving and the use 

 of seals, as well as descriptions of above 1200. 



In Ruddiman's Introduction to Anderson's 

 Diplomata Scotia are some interesting notes on 

 seals ; and the fine work of Les Sceaux des Comtes 

 de Flandres may be consulted with advantage ; as 

 also Natter's Traite de graver en pierre fine, and 

 Tassie's Catalogue of Gems. But these works, 

 and many others equally valuable, treat the sub- 

 ject more specially as one of the fine arts, than in 

 the official character which most of the mediaeval 

 seals assume ; and it is, I presume, this view your 

 correspondent takes. Signet. 



Your correspondent Adrian Adninan will find 

 some assistance upon an examination of the un- 

 dermentioned books, viz. : 



1. " Astle's Account of the Seals of the Kings, Royal 

 Boroughs, and Magnates of Scotland. Folio. 1792." 



2. " Lewis's Dissertations on the Antiquity and Use of 

 Seals in England. Small 4to. 1740." 



3. " Laing's Descriptive Catalogue of Impressions from 

 Ancient Scottish Seals, Royal, Baronial, Ecclesiastical, 

 and Municipal; embracing a Period from a.d. 1094 to 

 the Commonwealth Taken from Original Charters and 

 other Deeds preserved in Public and Private Archives. 

 4to. ' Only one hundred and fifty Copies printed for 

 Sale.' 1850." 



T. G. S. 

 Edinburgh. 



I can help your correspondent Adninan to the 

 titles of a iewf works, in which he will find numerous 

 engravings of seals, viz. Sandford's Genealogical 

 Hist, of England; Laing's Catalogue of the Scot- 

 tish Seals ; Tresor de Numismatique (a very fine 

 work) ; Uredius' Sigilla Comitum Flandrice ; 

 D'Anisy, Recueil de Sceaux Normands et Anglo- 

 Normands. Z. z. 



The Schoolmen (Vol. x., p. 464.). — In reply to 

 your Querist J. F., I beg to say that the best way 

 in which he can satisfy himself will be to read, on 

 any point of Theology which may be most Interest- 

 ing to him, some one or more of the Schoolmen. 



The first Schoolman Is Peter Lombard, Bishop 

 of Paris, who compiled the Sentences, i. e. the 

 " decisions " of the Fathers. This great work is 

 the foundation of all the scholastic writings. Our 

 own Alexander of Hales, the Doctor Irrefragabilis, 

 in whom I have also read, is one of those who 

 followed and amplified the master of the Sentences. 

 St. Thomas Aquinas, the Doctor Angelicus, did 

 the same thing, leaving an authority and a repu- 

 tation behind him which perhaps no other writer 

 since the Fathers has obtained. Your corre- 

 spondent will find, to his great satisfaction, and 

 probably to his surprise, that those questions 

 which, in common and unlearned talk, are daily 



