S88 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



[No. 290. 



Section V. of the ordinance commands the 

 surveyors to — 



"Give public notice in the church or chappel to the 

 parishioners to meet to make an assessment for repairing 

 the said highways . , . within three days of sucli 

 notice." 



l)ut no mention occurs of toll. 



Section XIIL is extremely curious; it is as 

 follows : 



" That if any wajfons, carts, or carriages, wherein any 

 burthen of dead commodities or wares shall at any time 

 from and after the first day of May next, bee drawn upon 

 any such highways, roads, or streets, with above five 

 horses or mares, or six oxen and one horse or mare, in 

 any one cart or wagon, that then it shall bee lawful to or 

 for any constable or surveyor of highways, or other in- 

 habitant, in any parish where such loaden wagon, cart, or 

 carriage shall pass and bee drawn as aforesaid^ to distrain 

 and seize all such supernumerary horses, mares, or oxen, 

 as he shall finde in any such wagon, cart, or carriage, 

 over and abovd the number of five horses or mares, or six 

 oxen and one horse or mare respectively, and the same 

 eupemumerary horses, oxen, and mures, respectively, to 

 detain and keep until such owner or driver have paid and 

 answered into the hands of the surveyors of highways 

 within the parish where such distress and -seizure shall 

 bee made, or one of them, the sum of twenty shillings for 

 «very such supernumerary horse, mare, or ox ; and if such 

 penalty bee not paid within seven days after such distress 

 or seizure, together with full satisfaction for keeping the 

 beasts and cattle distrained, and other charges there- 

 abouts in the mean time, that then it shall bee lawful for 

 such surveyors of highways to sell such horses, mares, or 

 oxen, so seized, and to retain out of the price the said 

 twenty shillings and charges, returning the overplus to 

 the party. And in case any difference happen about the 

 same, the next justice of peace shall determine the same, 

 whose order therein shall bee final to each party." 



This clause, however, appears to have been too 

 strinn^entlj wor led, and accordingly, on Tuesday, 

 May 16, 1654, another ordinance was issued, in 

 which, after quoting Section XIII., it is declared : 



" That the said ordinance shall not extend to any carts 

 or carriages at any time used in the conveying, draught, 

 ©r carriage of any ordnance, timber, or artillery, of any 

 sort or iciade whatsoever, for the use of the Army or 

 jaavy. .... 



" Provided, that such persons that attend the said 

 draughts, carts, or carriages, for the use of the army or 

 navy, have some order or pass, under the hands of his 

 Highness the Lord Protector," &c &e. 



KoBfiBT S. Salicon. 

 Newcastle-on-Tyne. 



1. Mt. Haydn says : 



" Toll-bars in England originated in 1267, on the grant 

 «f a penny for every waggon that passed through a 

 certain manor; and the first regular toll was collected a 

 few years after for mending the road in London between 

 St. <iiles'3 and Temple-bar ToU~gates or turn- 

 pikes were used in 1663." 



" Hackney-coaches were first estaWished in 

 I/ondon in 1625." (M-Cidloch.} "They were 

 first licensed in 1660." {Haydn.) "In 1678 an 

 agreement was made to run a coach between 



Edinburgh and Glasgow So late as 1763 



there was but one staire coach from Edinburgh to 

 London." (M.) " Mail coaches were first set 

 up at Bristol in 1784, and were extended to other 

 routes in 1785, at the end of which they became 

 general in England." The Stage Coach Duty Act 

 passed in ] 785 ; and in the same year " mail 

 coa(;hes were exempted from tolls." Pulleyn is 

 wrong when he savs " that the first act for the 

 repair of the public roads was passed in 1698." 

 According to Haydn, " the first general repair of 

 the highways of this country was directed in 1283. 

 Acts passed for the purpose in 1524 and 1555." 

 The latter, which M'CuUoch by a strange mis- 

 print calls the statute of the 28th instead of the 

 2nd Philip and Mary, is, according to him, "the 

 first legislative enactment in which a regular pro- 

 vision was made for the repair of the roads. The 

 preamble to this statute declares that the roads 

 were tedious and noisome to travel on, and dan- 

 gerous to passengers and carriages ; and there- 

 fore it enacts, that in every parish two surveyors 

 of the highways shall be annually chosen, and the 

 inhabitants of all parishes obliged, according to 

 their respective ability, to provide labourers, car- 

 riages, tools, &c. for jfour days each year, to work 

 upon the roads under the direction of the sur- 

 veyors. This system, though in many respects 

 exceedingly defective, was at the time justly con- 

 sidered a great improvement, and answered pretty 

 well till tlie reign of Charles II., when, owing to 

 the increase of carriages, particularly about Lon- 

 don, it became necessary to adopt more efficient 

 measures for the formation and repair of roads ; 

 and the plan of imposing tolls upon those who 

 made use of them began to be adopted. But this 

 system was not carried into full effect, and placed 

 upon a solid footing till about 1767, when it was 

 extended to the great roads to all parts of the 

 country ; the contributions of labour under the 

 act of Philip and Mary being then appropriated 

 entirely to the cross or country roads. A money 

 payment is also very frequetitly made instead of a 

 contribution in labour." {M.) 



"London M' Adam's roads were introduced 

 about 1818. .... Wooden pavements were suc- 

 cessfully tried in the streets of London at White- 

 hall in 1839, and in other streets in 1840." 

 (^Haydn.) 



DTsraeli's account of sedan-chairs is not alto- 

 gether at variance with, nor Pulleyn's the same as 

 Haydn's, who says, that they were " first seen in 

 England in 1581. One was used in the reign of 

 James I. by the Duke of Buckinghanv, to the great 

 indignation of the people, who exclaimed that he 

 was employing his fellow-creatures to do the ser- 

 vice of beasts." (Haydn's Diet, of Dates, p. 538.) 



R. J. Allen. 



