May 26. 1855.] 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



413 



prehended the importance of these changes, and has fur- 

 nished the means of avoiding their consequences. 



" Accordingly, he gives different formulas suited to the 

 season during which one may be working. In winter, 

 with a temperature from -4° to +4° C. (24-8° to 39-2° 

 Fahrenheit), according to his experiments, the collodion 

 should be composed of — 



Ether (anhydrous) - - 80 cubic centimetres. 

 Alcohol (99°) ~ - - 70 ditto. 



Thick collodion - - - 90 ditto. 



With a temperature of about 4^ to 16° G. (59<2° to 

 60 80° Fahrenheit), — 



Ether (60° to 64°) - - 70 cubic centimetres. 

 Alcohol (94° to 98°) - - 80 ditto. 



Thick collodion - - - 90 ditto. 



In summer, with a temperature of 16° to 32° C. (eO-S'^ to 

 89-6° Fahrenheit), — 



Ether (58°) - - - 60 cubic centimetreff. 

 Alcohol (90°) - - - 90 ditto. 



Thick collodion - - 90 ditto. 



" It will be seen that accordingly as the temperature 

 rises, and the evaporation becomes more easy and quicker, 

 M. Van Monkhoven reduces the quantity of ether in the 

 solution. The proportion of ether to alcohol is at first 6 

 to 3, then 5 to 3, and at last 4 to 3. He recommends also 

 amongst other things that the collodion should be per- 

 fectly anhydrous in winter, in order to avoid the picture 

 being covered with holes. 



" Up to the present time M. Van Monkhoven is the 

 first writer who has devoted so much care to this im- 

 portant question." 



Fading of Photographs. — We last week announced that 

 the Photographic Societj' had appointed a Committee to 

 consider and report upon the question of the fading of 

 paper printed photographs. The Committee have now 

 issued a circular, from which the following is an extract: 



" 1st. For any information which you can give them 

 with regard to photographs, which to your own know- 

 ledge have been printed for more than live years, and 

 whether, supposing them to be your own property', you 

 will allow the Committee to have them in their possession, 

 for a limited period? 



" 2nd. The Committee having determined to actually 

 test the durability of the photographs of numerous skilled 

 manipulators, whether a'ou will be kind enough to aid 

 them by sending to them four unmounted copies — from 

 some one negative, printed by you on paper — all being 

 prepared at the same time, in the manner which you con- 

 sider to be the best. 



"And, in order that a knowledge of the result pro- 

 duced by time upon the photographs which you send may 

 lead to some useful practical results, I have to request 

 that you will have the kindness to state : 



" 1st. The date at which they were printed. 



"2nd. The kind of paper used — whether French or 

 English — the maker's name — and the age of it when 

 used. 



" 3rd. The process, including the salting, exciting, 

 printing, fixing, toning, and washing — giving the full 

 details of each. 



" 4th. If any of the photographs are mounted, the kind 

 of adhesive medium used. 



" 5th. The circumstances under which the photographs 

 have been kept since they were produced — whether ex- 

 posed to the sunlight — diff"used daylight— or kept in the 

 dark — and whether exposed to the air, &c. &c. 



" 6th. In the case of the photographs which have beea 



printed for more than five years^ — whether you consider 

 that they have at all changed since they were produced. 



" In many instances, it will no doubt be impossible to 

 give all the information asked for with respect to old 

 photographs, and yet it may be of much service to the 

 Committee for them to inspect such pictures ; hence, they 

 will be very glad if you can enable them to see old pho- 

 tographs, although you may not be able to give the lull 

 history of them." 



Replies and communications are to be addressed to the 

 Hon. Sec, Henry Pollocis;, Esq., 28., George Street, 

 Hanover Square. 



^tpliei to Mlnax <lRutvixi* 



Earl of Galway or Galloway (Vol. xi., p. 263.). 

 — The assertion that the " Lord of Galloway" was 

 Earl of Galway or Galloway, is astounding ; and 

 that his autograph is to be found in the Ulster 

 ArchcBologicul Journal, is still more so. The mis- 

 takes of the two fair biographers are nothing, 

 compared to these unwarrantable blunders. 



1. Galloway was never called Galway. It com- 

 prehended the present stewartry of Kirkcudbright^^, 

 and the greatest part, if not the whole, of Ayr- 

 shire. 



2. There never was an Earl of Galloway untiF 

 September 9, 1623 ; when the earldom was con- 

 ferred on Sir Alexander Stewart, the ancestor of 

 the present inheritor of the title. 



3. The Lord of Galloway was Alan Constable- 

 of Scotland ; he had nothing to do with the Irish 

 Galway. He married Margaret, eldest daughter 

 of David, Earl of Huntingdon, and had no male- 

 issue ; and his eldest daughter married John de 

 Baliol ; and through her (the niece of William the 

 Lion) John Baliol claimed, and obtained the crowa 

 of Scotland. He died before 1234, and never wast 

 an earl. 



4. An autograph of a Scottish baron before 1234 

 would be a wonderful curiosity. Seeing is be- 

 lieving : and, until it is exhibited, we beg ta 

 decline taking secondary evidence. J. M. 



Burial Custom at' Maple DvrJiam (Vol. xf., 

 p. 336.). — Your correspondent speaks of the deatfr 

 of Lord Ferrers of " Baddesley Clinton," &c^ 

 There never was a Lord Ferrers of Baddesley 

 Clinton. The first person of the name of Ferrers 

 who was connected with this place, was Edward' 

 Ferrers ; who married Constantia, daughter of 

 Nicholas Brome of Badsley, and died in 1535 ; 

 and was succeeded by their son, Henry Ferrer?, 

 from whom the present family of Ferrers of Bad- 

 desley Clinton is lineally descended. None of 

 them were ever ennobled ; nor did any of themy 

 at least down to 1721, seem ever to have attained 

 the rank of a knight. The present proprietor is 

 Marmion Ferrers. (See Dugdale's Warwickshire^ 

 by Dr. Thomas, 2nd edit., 1730, voL ii. p. 971.) 



J. S&. 



