June 30. 1855.] 



NOTES AND QUEKIES. 



511 



religion, and the other as the external body thereof; and, 

 therefore, the heathen religion was not only a worship of 

 idols, but the whole religion was an idol in itself; for it 

 had no soul ; that is, no certainty of belief or confession ; 

 as a man may well think, considering the chief doctors of 

 their church were the poets ; and the reason was, because 

 the heathen gods were no jealous gods, but were glad to 

 be admitted into part, as they had reason. Neither did 

 they respect the pureness of heart, so they might have 

 external honour and rites." — Of the. Advancement of 

 Learning, book ii. 



But is it not generally supposed, that the ancient 

 mysteries were, to the initiated, a sort of schools 

 of religious doctrines ? F. 



NUKSEEY HTMNS. 



(Vol. xi., pp. 206. 313.) 



The communication of your correspondent W. J. 

 Bernhard Smith in reply to J. F. F.'s (Query 

 J. Y. 1.) Query, is, I think, unsatisfactory, and 

 appears likely to lead your readers to the belief 

 that the work he quotes, viz. Enchiridion Leonis 

 Papa, was really a book of true devotion, and 

 composed or authorised by one of the sovereign 

 pontiffs of that name. 



Mr. W. J. B. Smith is himself doubtless aware 

 of the true nature of the work ; but others of your 

 readers may, perhaps, not be equally well in- 

 formed. 



The Enchiridion Leonis Papce serenissimo Im- 

 peratori Carlo Magna in munus pretiosum Datum 

 nuperrime mendis omnibus purgatum, was first pub- 

 lished in Latin at Rome in the year 1532, and has 

 been several times reprinted : it was early trans- 

 lated into French, in which language it has passed 

 through many editions. 



It consists of a collection of prayers, many of 

 which are those used by the church, but for the 

 most part burlesqued or disfigured, and adopted 

 for the purposes of sorcery, as practised in the 

 Middle Ages ; among the professors of which 

 science this work held the rank of a text-book. 



Leo in., the supposed author of the book, was 

 a cotemporary of the Emperor Charlemagne, from 

 whom he received many benefits ; in acknowledg- 

 ment of which the grateful pontiff was said to 

 have imparted to his benefactor many great and 

 important secrets, both for the purpose of per- 

 forming acts beyond, man's natural powers, as also 

 for the preservation from, and the curing of, 

 many of the evils to which flesh is heir. 



It is, perhaps, scarcely necessary to add that the 

 work is apocryphal. 



The book enjoyed great popularity among the 

 rustic population, from its containing many 

 charms connected with rural pursuits, of which 

 the following may be taken as a specimen : 

 " Contre les Renards. 



" Dites trois fois la semaine : au nom du Pfere + et du 



Fils + et du Saint Esprit + . Renards ou Renardes. Je 

 vous conjure au nom de la tr^s sainte et sur sainte, comma 

 N. D. fut enceinte, que vous n'avez k prendre ni ^carter 

 aucun des mes oiseaux, de mon troupeau, soit coqs, pouls 

 ou poulets ; ni k manger leurs nids, ni sucer leur sang, ni 

 casser leurs oeufs, ni h, leur faire aucun mal." 



" La Pate-N6tre blanche" is referred to in terms 

 of reprobation by Jean B. Thiers (and doubtless 

 by other ecclesiastical writers), as, — 



"La prifere ridicule que I'on appelle La Pate-Notre 

 blanche, dont les z^ateurs, qui sont en assez grand 

 nombre, et surtout h, la campagne, promettent infaillible- 

 ment le paradis k ceux qui la disent tons les jours." 



I doubt, therefore, whether the hymn in question 

 be taken from so polluted a source. P. P. P. 



PHOTOGBAPHIC COBBESPONDENCB. 



"Preparation of albumenized Glass, hy M. Fortier, read 

 before the Societe Frangais de Photographie. 



" Preparation of the Albumen. — Pour the white of egg 

 into a glass, and for every hundred cubic centimetres add 

 one gramme of iodide of potassium, prepared in a flask 

 containing a few grains of iodine, so that the latter shall 

 have been in excess. In this way the black spots so dis- 

 heartening to photographers are avoided. 



" Decant the white of egg into a dish and beat them up 

 to a froth. At the end of twenty-four hours the liquid 

 fit for use will have been deposited at the bottom of the 

 dish. 



"Cleaning the Glass. — Take whiting, made into a paste 

 sufficiently thick that it shall not run ; cover the glass 

 and allow it to dry ; then, with a piece of clean linen or 

 tissue-paper, rub it until all the whiting has disap- 

 peared. 



" Albumeniaing the Glass. — Provide yourself with the 

 four implements following, namely, two pipettes, a glass 

 spatula, and a small bodkin with a sharp point. Place 

 the glass upon an inclined plane, and having taken the 

 precaution to lay a piece of white paper under the glass, 

 in order that you may see better what you are about, 

 remove with a badger-brush the atoms of dust which 

 remain after the cleaning ; then take the pipette No. 1., 

 and inhale so as to fill two-thirds of the tube with the 

 prepared albumen. You will not have a single bubble 

 of air. Move the pipette over the glass, beginning at the 

 top, from left to right, returning from right to left, and 

 then from left to right again, and so on over three quar- 

 ters of the plate. The white paper placed below will 

 enable you to see what is covered and what is not. Then 

 witli the glass spatula cover the glass with the albumen 

 already spread. If you observe either a minute bubble, 

 almost imperceptible, or an impurity, remove it with the 

 bodkin. At the end of the operation the albumen will 

 have formed a swelling at the bottom of the glass. Then 

 take the pipette No. 2. (be careful not to use the pipette 

 No. 1., otherwise you will inevitably have bubbles of air), 

 suck up the excess of albumen which forms the swelling, 

 and the operation will be finished. Nothing remains but 

 to place the glass in a perfectly-horizontal position, and 

 to leave it to dry in a place protected from dust. 



" The closed boxes hitherto used for drying the albu- 

 menized glasses are faulty, as they exclude the air, which 

 is indispensable. Several glasses may be placed one over 

 the other in a frame constructed for the purpose, taking 



