Eeb. 24. 1855.] 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



153 



probaWy two dozen of them du^ up in the found- 

 ations of old houses in King's Parade, Trinity 

 Street, and other sites. I remember seeing some 

 very fine and capacious ones in the rooms of a 

 Fellow of Cains College, which he informed me 

 were found in digging the foundations of the new 

 buildings lately added to that college ; and at the 

 meeting of the Archaeological Institute held here 

 last July, quite a regiment of them was exhibited 

 in the very interesting local museum formed on 

 that occasion, not varying so much in shape as 

 capacity. Now I cannot help thinking that these 

 jugs were used for the obvious purpose of jugs, 

 and that they were filled with some generous 

 beverage, with which success or prosperity was 

 drunk to the commencing edifice, and that then 

 these vessels were either thrown promiscuously into 

 the open foundations, or built up in the masonry. 

 This proceeding would be somewhat analogous to 

 our present custom of depositing coins, &c. in such 

 positions; and also to another custom, now dying 

 out, of throwing out of the window, or against the 

 wall, the wine-glass or other vessel out of which 

 some peculiarly cherished toast has been drunk. 



I do not assert this as a conclusive explanation 

 of this curious subject, but merely suggest it as a 

 more obvious solution than any which have yet 

 been offered. Norris Deck. 



Cambridge. 



Lay Preachers (Vol. x., p. 532.). — Is Juverna 

 sure that he is right in asserting that "no layman 

 was ever permitted to preach in any college, 

 chapel, or in any other church in the united king- 

 dom?" I have heard it stated, and I believe 

 correctly, though I am not able at this moment 

 to give the authority, that the Universities had 

 power to license laymen as preachers, and that 

 the University of Cambridge especially had often 

 done so. Others of your clerical readers will 

 perhaps elucidate the matter. The Canons make 

 constant reference to the preachers licensed by 

 the Universities. An Oxford B.C.L. 



Meaning of " worth " (Vol. vii., p. 584.). — If 

 the etymology and primitive meaning of this word 

 are correctly given by Broctuna, how singular is 

 the effect on the well-known line of Pope : 



" Worth makes the man, and want of it the fellow." 



The poet, using the word in its secondary and 

 usual sense, means that virtue is the true dis- 

 tinction between man and man ; but according to 

 the primary sense, he would say the exact con- 

 trary, viz., that riches were the only real dis- 

 tinction. Stvlites. 



" Our means secure us" (Vol. vii., p. 592.). — It 

 is proposed to replace secure by recuse ; an inge- 

 nious suggestion, if the original word must be 

 rejected. But is this the case? No doubt, if 



taken in the sense of assurance, the word securv 

 falsifies the meaning of the passage ; but may it 

 not be taken in the classical sense of " make us 

 careless," " put us off our guard ? " The adjective 

 secure is notoriously used so, — 



"And Gideon . . . smote the host; for the host 

 was secure." — Judges, viii. 11. 



The meaning of the whole passage would then 

 be, — 



" I stumbled when I saw, therefore perhaps shall walk 

 firmly now that I am blind. Our advantages often make 

 us careless, and our defects become advantages." 



Sttutes. 



Cardinals' red Hat (Vol. xi., p. 105.). — The 

 red hat was given to cardinals by Pope Inno- 

 cent IV., in the first Council of Lyons, held in 

 1245, to signify by that colour that they should 

 be always ready to shed their blood in defence of 

 the Church. Boniface VIII. gave them the pur- 

 ple cloak, though by some this is attributed to 

 Paul II. in 1464. Paul III., who was elected 

 pope in 1534, ordained that they should wear a 

 red cap, which privilege, however, he confined to 

 those who were not of any religious order ; but 

 Gregory XIV. extended it to the latter. F. C. H. 



First Book printed in New England (Vol. xi., 

 p. 87.). — The first book printed in any part of 

 what is now the United States, was 



"The Psalms in Metre, faithfull}- translated for the 

 use, edification, and comfort of the saints in publick and 

 private, especially in New England, 1640." 



It was printed in crown 8vo., pp. 300. A second 

 edition was printed in 1647. This book was 

 printed by Stephen Daye, at Cambridge, in Massa- 

 chusetts. Daye was born in London, and served 

 an apprenticeship to a printer there. One thing 

 about the first edition of this book is very singular : 

 the word " Psalm " is printed as it is spelt at this 

 time at the head of every left-hand page, but at 

 the head of every right-hand page it is spelt 

 " Psalme." This book was at first called The Bay 

 Psalm-booh, but afterwards The New England 

 Version of the Psalms. A full account of this 

 book, and of the various other publications of 

 Stephen Daye, may be found at pp. 227 — 234. of 

 vol. i. of Thomas's History of Printing in America. 



The claim of this book to be considered as the 

 first that was printed in any part of the American- 

 continent north of Mexico is not disputed. 



At p. 87. Vol. xi. " N. & Q.," the date of its 

 publication is quoted as 1646 ; it should be 1640. 

 Printing was introduced into Mexico and other 

 Spanish provinces in America many years before 

 the settlement of any of the English colonies in 

 that continent. Pishet Thompson.^ 



Stoke Newington. 



Baker's Dozen (Vol. xi., p. 88.). — In that 

 rare " Tragi- Comedie " The Witch, written by 



