84 PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES. 



grow A of the epidermis and of the venules and apices ; proceed from the same 

 cause. Dr. Kinahan illustrated his remarks with a series of specimens of the forms 

 mentioned. 



The Chairman then announced the ballot, when 



Lord Clermont, of Ravensdale Park, and Edward P. Wright, Esq., were 

 elected members; and Dr. Carte, of the Royal Dublin Society, rejoined the 

 society. 



Those who were formerly members, on being proposed by the council, can rejoin 

 the society without payment of the admission fee. The meeting then adjourned to 

 the 7th of April. 



DUBLIN UNIVERSITY ZOOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION. 



JANUARY 21, J854. 



R. Ball, LL.D., President, in the chair. 



Mr. A. R. Hogan read the following paper from E. Waller, Esq., Corre- 

 sponding Member, 



ON THE LAND AND FRESH -WATEK MOLLUSCA, OF FINNOE, COUNTY TIPPER ARY. 



The district under observation is comprised within, but not fully occupying, a circle 

 of about one mile and a half radius, embracing part of the parish of Finnoe, and 

 a small portion of Borrisokane, in the north of Tipperary. It lies within the 

 great central mountain limestone formation, and is traversed by a small river 

 which, a couple of miles farther west, falls into the expansion of the Shannon, 

 called Lough Derg. The river- valley, about 170 feet above the sea, is composed 

 partly of alluvial soil and partly of bog. When first examined by me, the rive- 

 was sluggish and deep, the water nearly on a level with the banks, and flowing into 

 drains abounding in various water plants, and thus favourable for the abode of 

 water mollusca. The operations of the Drainage Commissioners have converted it 

 into a shallow, rather rapid stream, running between deep banks, leaving the old 

 drains completely dried up, and involving the loss of nearly all their mollusca — 

 amongst them, Pisidium Henslowianum, in the only Irish locality where it has been 

 hitherto noted. There are some other boggy and marshy grounds in the district, 

 which is moderately planted, and contains one wood of considerable extent and 

 age, called Borris Wood. The hills rise to an elevation of about 230 feet above 

 the sea ; the lower ones, generally covered deeply with gravel, the higher, having 

 the limestone rock protruding. 



I have followed the nomenclature and arrangement adopted in Gray's edition of 

 Turton's Manual of Land and Fresh-water Shells — the work, I believe, most gene- 

 rally in use by collectors in this country. 



Neritina fluviatilis. Abundant in the river. 



Bithinia tentaculata. Very abundant in the river and drains, of the normal 



character. 

 Valvata piscinalis. Abundant; varying considerably in size and in elevation of 

 spire. In one variety, the volutions appear angular, from being spirally 

 cut by slightly elevated ridges, the angles of which are marked with 

 white lines. 

 „ cristata. Abundant. 

 Arion ater. Numerous; black, and various shades of brown. 



„ hortensis. Common. The variety 2 of Gray's Turton, /3 of Alder. 

 Limax maximus. Not uncommon. 



,, agrestis. Common. I believe there are other Limaces ; but not having paid 

 sufficient attention when collecting them, I am not certain of the species. 

 Vitrina pellucida. Generally distributed, varying in hue, not exceeding one-fourth 

 of an inch in diameter. 



