REVIEWS. 191 



of the Tineina (and, indeed, of the Lepidoptera generally) prefer to fly in 

 bright sunlight, to show their beauties to the best advantage ; but this is 

 not universally true, for many brilliant species fly in the dusk, or at night 

 — some both by day and night ; and the converse of the proposition is 

 certainly not to be depended on, for numbers of the most sober-coloured 

 species fly in broad daylight. But, as a general rule, Mr. Stainton's posi- 

 tion is, doubtless, correct, and certainly it agrees well enough with the 

 general coquettish character of these insects. 



In the 10th fam., Elachistidce, the position of the perfect insects, in 

 repose, is rather characteristic ; for " they, in most of the genera, sit 

 closely appressed to the surface on which they rest ;" and "the pupa is 

 sometimes enclosed in a firm cocoon, sometimes in one of open network ; 

 but not unfrequently the pupa is naked, affixed by the caudal extremity, 

 with a belt of silk round the middle, like some of the Rhopalocera ; and 

 in the genus Bedellia, the similarity is still more striking, the pupa being 

 angulated, and like that of a Pieris in miniature." The larvae also of the 

 the genus Tischeria are peculiar, for the very slight development of their 

 16 feet. 



In the 5th genus, Buccualtrix, of the 12th fam., Lyonetidce, " the 

 larvae have a veiy singular habit, at least it has been observed in Cratcegi 

 and Frangutella, and probably it prevails throughout the genus ; these 

 larvae, when very young, are true miners — that of Crataegi forms a short 

 tortuous mine ; that of Frangutella, a spiral one. At a certain age the 

 larva quits the mine, and on the underside of the leaf spins a delicate 

 whitish web or cocoon, within which the larva remains quite motionless, 

 and in a horse-shoe shape, for a considerable time ; it then emerges from 

 this cocoon, totally different in appearance to what it was as a leaf-miner, 

 and proceeds to eat the epidermis of the leaf, which formerly it mined. 

 The deserted cocoon will be found to contain the previous skin of the 

 larva. The external-feeding larva has a singular shagreen appearance ; 

 when full-fed it descends to the ground, or some convenient corner, and 

 spins an elongate-ribbed cocoon, within which it remains, unchanged, for a 

 considerable time." 



These are but specimens of the many morsels of information which, 

 plentifully scattered over the pages of the work before us, add materially 

 to its liveliness and interest. We would gladly wander on further in the 

 same direction, but must forbear. 



A few words must be added with reference to the synonymy of the 

 species, and they shall be the words of the author himself, as being more 

 satisfactory than our own : — u With reference to the synonymy, the works 



