314 Dr. Hagen on Malic Acid. 



bonic acid. By a qualitative determination of the nitrogen, 

 the latter was found to be to the carbonic acid in volume as 

 1 to 4. 



Carbon .... 



Hydrogen . . . 



Nitrogen . . . 



Oxygen .... 



This gives — 



4 atoms Carbon .... 

 3 ... Hydrogen . . . 



1 ... Nitrogen . . . 



2 ... Oxygen .... 



720-22 100-00 



Malates at High Temperatures. 



If malates of the earths or alkalies are kept for some time at 

 a temperature varying from 250° to 300° C, they are changed 

 into fumarates, water being the only other product. The 

 changes produced are best observed in the following manner. 

 The fumarate produced is dissolved in as small a quantity of 

 boiling water as possible, and a small excess of nitric acid is 

 added to it. The fumaric acid crystallizes from the solution 

 in its peculiar form, possessing all the properties ascribed to 

 it by Pelouze. I have prepared its silver salt to identify it 

 with certainty. 0-2726 acid gave 0-0885 water, and 0*4115 

 carbonic acid. This gives the following formula for its com- 

 position : — 



4 atoms Carbon. . . 

 2 ... Hydrogen 

 4 ... Oxygen . . 



730-69 

 0*3735 of the silver salt gave 0*3205 chloride of silver, or 

 69*422 oxide of silver; and 0*4270 gave 0*029 water, and 

 0*224 carbonic acid. 



Calculated. Found. 

 4> atoms Carbon ... . 305-74 14*77 14-50 

 1 atom Hydrogen . . . 12-48 0-60 0*75 



3 atoms Oxygen .... 300-00 14*49 15*31 

 1 atom Oxide of silver 1451-6 70*14 69-42 



2069-82 



