312 Dr. Hagen on Malic Acid, and the Changes 



Calculated. Found. 



12 at. Carbon .. . 917*22 20-19 19*191 19*24. 



9 ... Hydrogen. . 112*32 2*47 2*52 2-69 



15... Oxygen. . . 1500*00 33*03 33*62 34'04 



4 ... Oxide of zinc 2012*9 44*31 44*66 44*015 



4.542*44 



Heated to 100° C. it lost 4 atoms of water; and 0*420 

 gave 0*411 sulphate of zinc, or 49*082 per cent, oxide of 

 zinc; atomic weight, 2052*3. 0*4225 gave 0*0715 water, and 

 0*334 carbonic acid, which gives the formula C 12 H 5 O n + 

 4 Z O. This salt, however, is then essentially altered, part 

 of its malic acid being converted into fumaric acid, as will be 

 shown in the sequel. 



Acid Malate of Copper. II Cu O H 2 O + 2 aq 



M CuOH 2 O(l00°C). 



Prepared by dissolving hydrated oxide of copper in malic 

 acid, and evaporating at a temperature of 30° to 40° C, as 

 a small blue crystalline body. 0*690 of this salt gave 0*149 

 oxide, or 21*521 per cent, of oxide of copper ; atomic weight, 

 2302*17. 



The composition calculated from this, is as follows : — 



Calculated. Found. 

 1 atom Malic acid . . . . 1461-39 6369 

 1 ... Oxide of copper 495*70 21-60 21-821 

 3 atoms Water 337*44 14*71 



2294*53 



Dried at 100° it loses 2 atoms of water, and its atomic 

 weight becomes 2069*57. 



Malate of Silver. M 2 AgO. 



0*2877 salt gave 0*1777 silver, or 66*339 per cent, of oxide 

 of silver. Hence 



Calculated. Found. 



1 eq. Malic acid. . . 1461*39 33*48 33*66 



2 ... Oxide of silver 2903-21 66*52 66*33 



4361*60 



Malate of Barytes. M 2 Ba O + 2 aq 



M 2BaO (100° C). 

 A solution of malic acid is saturated with barytes water, 

 and evaporated at a very moderate temperature. The salt 



