64> Mr. Fownes on the Equivalent of Carbon. 



Water. 



(1) 5-548 grs. benzin gave 18'59grs. carb. acid, and 3*8 grs. 



(2) 4-762 lG-01 3-26 grs. 



(3) 6-652 22-29 4*56 grs. 



(0 (2) (3) 



Carbon ... 92-65 92-96 92-66 



Hydrogen 7*61 7-61 7*62 



100-26 100-57 100-28 



Two other commonly reported hydrocarbons, namely, na- 

 tive naphtha and oil of turpentine, were also examined after 

 careful purification, but a deficiency instead of an excess was 

 observed, supporting the opinion by some entertained, that 

 these substances, I'reed from water, sometimes contain under 

 ordinary circumstances oxygen. 

 100 parts of native naphtha gave 



(1) (2) (3) 



Carbon ... 87-17 87-02 86-95 



Hydrogen 12-82 12-79 12-79 



99-99 99-81 99-74 



100 parts of oil of turpentive gave 



(0 (2) (3) 



Carbon ... 87*71 87*72 87*78 



Hydrogen 11*45 11-45 11*46 



99*16 99*17 99-24 



The experimental results of these analyses were reduced 

 by means of Liebig's table, in which the equiv. of carbon is 

 taken = 6-1148. 



The general mode by which the combining number of car- 

 bon has been determined, is, as is well known, founded on 

 the circumstance, that when that substance unites with oxygen 

 to produce carbonic acid, the volume of the oxygen suffers 

 no change. Hence, on subtracting the specific gravity of the 

 one gas from that of the other, the ratio in which the two 

 bodies unite is at once seen. 



The pairs of experiments mostly relied on for determining 

 the specific gravity of these two gases are those of MM. Ber- 

 zelius and Dulong, Biot and De Saussure. The equivalent 

 of carbon, as deduced from each of these, is here given.* 



Berzelius and Dulong Biot. De Sausure. 



6115 60314 6-096 



As the names here mentioned must be considered of the 

 very highest authority in science, it appears evident from the 



* Lehrbuch der Chhnie. 



