Geological Society. 539 



10 inches. The Varn and Ridge lie in the mid-sea between Dover 

 and Calais, forming a line of submarine chaUc hills, which trend 

 towards the north, and are parallel with the clifFs on the opposite 

 sides of the Channel. The Overfalls and Galloper Sands, continu- 

 ations of the same line, are also steep, having deep gullies in their 

 intermediate spaces filled with boulders and muddy ground. 



4. A tusk, 78 inches long and 12 inches in circumference, but 

 the part containing the alveolar cavity is wanting. Its curvature 

 is equal to a semi-circle, turning out. It was trawled up at the 

 back of the Goodwin Sands. Capt. Martin has also a fragment of a 

 fossil tree from the same locality. 



5. In the early part of 1839, a nearly perfect femur of a mam- 

 moth was obtained about midway between Yarmouth and the coast 

 of Holland, in 25 or 26 fathoms, low-water. The length of this 

 femur, from the ball of the socket-joint to the lower condyle, is 49 

 inches ; the circumference of the ball, 24 inches ; of the upper part 

 of the shaft, 42 inches ; of the centre, 18 inches ; of the lower part 

 above the condyle, 29 inches. 



6. Two molars of the mammoth brought up in the gear of the 

 fishermen, in different parts of the English Channel, and likewise in 

 Capt. Martin's cabinet. 



Mr. Fairholm of Ramsgate has also in his possession a molar of 

 a mammoth, found in King-street of that town, in red clay resting 

 upon chalk. 



Independently of the remains of mammalia, the fishermen are 

 occasionally impeded in their operations by large masses of various 

 descriptions of rock. Some of these blocks are much worn and 

 rounded ; but the remainder never present that irregularity of form 

 which might lead to the supposition, that they had composed part 

 of shipwrecked cargoes. 



With respect to the distribution of the animal remains and the 

 boulders, Capt. Martin states, that they are never found on the 

 summits of the banks or shoals, but in deep hollows or marine 

 valleys ; and that they thus agree, in position, with analogous re- 

 mains and masses of rock found upon dry land. 



An extract from a letter addressed to Dr. Buckland by Sir John 

 Trevelyan, Bart., was then read. 



That gentleman possesses a very large molar of an elephant, 

 found 38 years ago in the bed of the Severn near Watchet. He 

 also states, that Roman pottery has been frequently dredged up 

 during the last 50 years from the estuary of the Thames near 

 Margate ; that there is an island off Heme Bay, called Pot Island, 

 on account of the quantity of earthenware found near it. A Roman 

 vessel, laden with pottery, is supposed to have been wrecked in the 

 neighbourhood of this spot. 



A paper entitled, " Description of five Fossil Trees found in the 

 excavations for the Manchester and Bolton Railway," by John 

 Hawkshaw, Esq., F.G.S., was next read. 



The largest of these trees was discovered about two years since, 

 and the other four during the spring of the present year (1839), in 



