Scientific Intelligence. — Geology. 195 



crystallization. You will at once see that this fact, being esta- 

 blished, will prove of importance in enabling us to explain many 

 appearances which have hitherto puzzled geologists in their at-^ 

 tempts to account for the origin and formation of rocks."" — Lei- 

 ter J-rom Alexander Turnhullj Esq. Civil Surgeon, Darwdir^ 

 East Indies. 



7. Account of a Lihellulitejbund at Solenhoffen. — Last spring 

 there was found in the famous quarries of lithographic limestone 

 at Solenhoffen, near Pappenheim, in Bavaria, a beautiful petri- 

 faction of an insect of the genus Libellula, represented at Fig. 4. 

 PI. 3. These quarries are already well known, from the nume- 

 rous fossil species of marine and fresh water animals they contain. 

 The body of the fossil libellula is disposed in the direction of 

 the slaty structure of the limestone, and is distinguished from 

 the stone in which it is contained, not by any particular colour, 

 but its greater smoothness. The head is roundish, and not very 

 broad. The neck and the first pair of legs are distinctly visible, 

 but the other feet were not seen. The thorax is the most pro- 

 minent part of the animal, but becomes gradually flatter towards 

 its extremity. The four wings are spread out, and very well 

 preserved, and single veins are observable in some of them. The 

 abdomen is cylindrical, is thinner towards the middle, expands 

 again, and terminates in a notch. The globular head, the hori- 

 zontally expanded wings, the cylindrical abdomen, and the total 

 habitat, shew that it belongs to the genus Aeschna of Fa- 

 bricius, and is distinguished from the Aeschna grandis only by 

 its greater size. The insect just mentioned, measuring from tip 

 of one wing to tip of the other, three inches ; whereas in the 

 fossil species, the length is three and a half inches, and all the 

 other parts are in proportion larger. In the same block of stone 

 with the fossil libellula, was a small asterias, or sea-star,— a fact 

 which confirms the mutual occurrence, in this rock, of land and 

 marine animals. — Vide Leonhardfs Zeitschrift. 



8. Beds of Sea-shells, nearly in afresh state, 9X^0 feet above 

 ike level of the Sea. — The following observations, (says Ber- 

 zelius), which I had an opportunity of making on the west 

 side of the Scandinavian peninsula, will serve as an additional 

 proof of the gradual rise of the Scandinavian land above the 

 level of the sea. It is known that, on the sea-coast, and in 



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