1626.] Mr, Goldingham on the Pendulum dt the Equator, 281 



what is in truth one of the most elementary principles of 

 chemistry, by the details of experiments, in which its operation 

 was demonstrated in those very cases where it is required by 

 the baker. 



•* We next proceeded to consider the methods now in use for 

 introducing a gaseous body into bread, independently of the 

 employment of fermentation ; and the rationale of the manner 

 in which a few of the most remarkable among these are found to 

 work, then formed a subject of investigation. But the most 

 interesting and difficult process connected with this branch of 

 the art, was certainly that of the manufacture of gingerbread, 

 with which the Essay has concluded. The different experiments 

 which have been detailed in regard to this important department 

 of the art of bread-baking, it is conceived, will tend to throw 

 considerable light upon the chemistry of the process, of which 

 there does not seem to have been yet offered any complete 

 solution. 



If the perusal of this Essay should have the effect of inducing 

 the man of science to direct his knowledge, more to the practi- 

 cal exposition and improvement of so important an art as that 

 of baking bread, or if it should convey to the mechanic any 

 hints which he will find really useful to assist him in his busi- 

 ness, or to guide him in his inquiries, the author will then have 

 obtained all the success which he ventures to anticipate. 



I 



i,qAx4 Article V. 



Report of the Length of the Pendulum at the Equator, By John 

 Goldingham, Esq. FRS. From Experiments and Observations 

 ' made on an Expedition fitted out under his Direction, fi^om the 

 Observatory at Madras: by Order of the Madras Government 

 in the Year 1821. Together with a Deduction of the Figure 

 of the Earthy bif combining the Equator, Madras, and London 

 Experiments, Also the Geographical Situation of different 

 Places seen on the Expedition^* 



In order to give the greatest possible value to the experi- 

 ments, which have lately been completed for ascertaining the 

 length of the pendulum, and thence the figure of the earth, it 

 was essential to have the length of the pendulum at the equator 



hifi.4-.^w copies of this Report, published at Madras in 1824, having been received in 

 England, but no account of the expedition, or of the results obtained by it, having yet 

 been given in any scientific journal, or other readily accessible medium of information, 

 onr readers will not be displeased at being presented with Mr. Goldingham's report, 

 Wrbatim, together with a selection of tables, &c. containing the results. Some parts of 

 tjie Report may pe;rhaps appear tedious; but we think it due to Mr. G. and his ob- 

 servers, to afford those who are interested in the inquiry the full means of estimating the 

 value of the iesults.—£(/rt. 



