290 Geological Society. 



range (near the table-land of Jillan)* ; by Dr. Spry, in a bed of 

 limestone, overlaid by trap, near Saugorf (lat. 24° 15' N., long. 79° 

 E.) ; by Dr. Voysey, in a siliceous rock in the hills of Medcondah 

 and Swalpigapah south of the GodaveryJ ; also at Jirpah, N. of the 

 sources of the Taptee (about lat. 22° N., long. 78°E.)§. 



Comparative Age of the Formations. — On this head few observations 

 are necessary. North of Nagpoor the granite has been shown to be 

 more recent than the sandstone. The trap in the form of veins pene- 

 trates the granite, and affects, en masse, the limestone and sandstone, 

 and entangles in its substance the fossiliferous chert. If therefore, the 

 last belongs to the tertiary period, part at least of the basalt of the 

 Sichel hills, forming the eastern boundary of the great basaltic re- 

 gion of India, cannot be assigned to one more ancient. Of the age 

 of the limestone and sandstone Mr. Malcolmson offers no positive 

 opinion, but he objects to their being considered the equivalents of 

 the new red sandstone and lias of England || , because their order of 

 superposition in the district examined by himself, is inverted, the 

 limestone underlying the sandstone; and he only ventures to suggest, 

 that they may belong to the older secondary, or younger transition 

 systems. 



Travertine and Kunkur. — Springs charged with carbonate of lime 

 prevail throughout the country, and in the bed of some of the rivers, 

 calcareous matter is so abundantly deposited as to cement the peb- 

 bles into a hard rock. " It is impossible," says the author, •* to ex- 

 amine these accumulations without immediately perceiving the origin 

 of the nodular limestone or kunkur, which is so extensively distri- 

 buted in India." 



Thermal Springs and Mineral Waters. — At Kair (lat. 19° 55', 

 long. 78** 56') and Urjunah, springs having a temperature of 87°, 

 and charged with carbonic acid gas, issue through the limestone ; 

 and one, at the former locality, contains also a little muriate of 

 soda, a minute quantity of sulphate of lime, and much carbonate of 

 lime. At Byorah (lat. 17° 57', long. 80° 20') is a spring, the tem- 

 perature of which is 110°; and at Badrachellum, (lat. 17° 43', 

 long. 80® 79') one possessing a temperature of 140°, and containing 

 sulphuretted hydrogen, and sulphates and muriates of soda and 

 lime. 



A minute description is given of the mineral waters of the Lonar 

 Lake, (lat. 20°, long. 76° 30') and of the natron which is deposited 

 in a layer beneath its muddy bottom. The water of the lake is clear, 

 its specific gravity is 1027*65, and it has no unpleasant smell ; but 

 the mud at its bottom is highly charged with sulphuretted hydrogen. 

 The salt under the mud accumulates slowly, and is extracted only 



• Asiatic Researches, vol. xviii. p. 192. 



f Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, vol. ii. pp. 376, 639. 



I Asiatic Researches, vol. xviii. p. 193, and Journal of the Asiatic So- 

 ciety of Bengal, vol. ii. p. 304. 



§ Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, vol. i. p. 247. 



II See Major Franklin's memoir on Bundelcund, &c., in the Geol. 

 Trans., 2nd ser., vol. iii. p. I9I, etseq., also Asiatic Researches, vol, xviii. 

 p. 24, €t ieg. ; and Phil. Mag, and Annals, N.S., vol. iv. p. ^94. 



