38 Dr. Falconer atid Capt. Cautley on additional 



therium posterogenium^ (nob.): the first two belonging to 

 genera which are now coexistent with man, and the last to a 

 genus characteristic of the oldest tertiary beds in Europe. 

 The facts yielded by the reptilian orders are still more in- 

 teresting. Two of the fossil crocodiles of the Sewaliks are 

 identical, without even ranging into varieties, with the Croco- 

 dilus hiporcatus and Leptorynchus Gangeticus, which now in- 

 habit in countless numbers the rivers of India; while the 

 Testudinata are represented by the Megalochdys Sivalensis 

 (nob.), a tortoise of enormous dimensions, which holds in its 

 order the same rank that the Iguanodon and Megalosaiir^us do 

 among the Saurians, This huge reptile (the Megalochdys) 

 — certainly the most remarkable of all the animals which the 

 Sewaliks have yielded — from its size carries the imagination 

 back to the «era of gigantic Saurians. We have leg bones 

 derived from it, with corresponding fragments of the shell, 

 larger than the bones in the Indian unicorned rhinoceros ! 



There is, therefore, in the Sewalik fossils a mixture in the 

 same formation of the types of all ages, from the existing up 

 to that of the chalk ; and all coexistent with Qimdrumana. 



P.S. Since the above remarks were put together, we have 

 been led to analyse the character presented by a specimen in 

 our collection, which we had conjectured to be quadrumanous. 

 The examination proves it to be so incontestably. The speci- 

 men is represented in figs. A, B, and C [of PI. II.] It is 

 the extra-alveolar portion of the left canine of the upper jaw 

 of a very large species. The identification rests upon two 

 vertical facets of wear, one on the anterior surface, the other 

 on the inner and posterior side, and the proof is this. The 

 anterior facet b has been caused by the habitual abrasion of 

 the upper canine against the rear surface of the lower one, 

 which overlaps it, when the jaws are closed or in action. 

 This facet would prove nothing by itself, as it is common to 

 all aged animals in the carnivora and other tribes in which 

 the upper and lower canines have their surfaces in contact. 

 The second facet c must have been caused by the wear of the 

 inner and rear surface of the canine against the outer surface 

 of the first molar of the lower jaw. But to admit of such 

 contact, this molar must have been contiguous with the lower 

 canine, without any blank space intervening ; for if there was 

 not this contiguity, the upper canine could not touch the 

 lower first molar, and consequently not wear against it. Now 

 this continuity of the series of molars and canines without a 

 diasteme or blank interval, is only found, throughout the 

 whole animal kingdom*, in man, the Qtiadrumana^ and the 



* Ciivier, Ossemcns Fossiics, tome iii. p. 15. 



