34 Dr. Falconer q?td Capt. Cautley on additional 



paratus are very numerous. I have before me at this time 

 more than five hundred substances, which I have analysed 

 with a view to discover the chemical changes which occur 

 during the preparation of the earth for thegrowth of vegetables, 

 the germination of seeds, the vegetation of plants, the for- 

 mation of vegetable products, the renovation of the atmo- 

 sphere as regards both nitrogen and oxygen, and the various 

 decompositions of vegetable matter; and many additional 

 experiments will be required to complete the course of analysis 

 which I find to be necessary to the purposes I have in view. 

 The whole inquiry has reference more particularly to agricul- 

 ture, to horticulture, and to some of those manufactures in 

 which vegetable products are employed. Robert Rigg. 



Walworth Road, Dec. 6, 1837. 



X. On additional Fossil Species of the Order Quadrumana 

 from the Sewalik Hills, By H. Falconek, Esq.^ M»D., and 

 Captain P. T. Cautley.* 



[With Figures : Plates I. and II.] 

 1 N the November number of the Journal, (of the Asiat. Soc. of 

 -■■ Bengal,) vol. v. p. 739, Messrs. Baker and Durand have an- 

 nounced, in the discovery of a quadrumanous animal, one of the 

 most interesting results that has followed on the researches into 

 the fossil remains of the Sewalik Hills. The specimen which 

 they have figured and described comprises the right half of the 

 upper jaw, with the series of molars complete; and they infer that 

 it belonged to a very large speciesf . In the course of last 

 rains we detected in our collection an astragalus, which we 

 referred to a quadrumanous animal. The specimen is an en- 

 tire bone, free from any matrix, and in a fine state of presei*- 

 vation from having been partly mineralized with hydrate of 

 iron. It corresponds exactly in size with the astragalus of the 

 Senmopithecus Entellus or Langoor, and the details of form 

 are so much alike in both, that measurement by the callipers 

 was required to ascertain the points of difference. We have 

 forwarded the specimen with a notice to the Geological So- 

 ciety of London, after keeping it some months in reserve, 

 having been diffident about resting the first announcement of 

 fossil Quadrumana on any thing less decisive than the cranium 

 or teeth J. 



This astragalus, in conjunction with Messrs. Baker and 

 Durand's specimen, satisfied us of the existence of at least 

 two distinct fossil Quadruma?ia in the Sewalik Hills. We 

 have lately become possessed of several fragments, more or 



• From the Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, vol. vi. p. 354. 

 t For Lieuts. Baker and Durand's paper, see Phil. Mag., vol. xi. p. 33. 

 J See our report of the proceedings of the Geological Society, p. 393 

 of our liuit Yolume,<— '£pix. 



