Researches in Electricity : Eleventh Series, 207 



Esq.,D.C.L., F.R.S., FuUerian Professor of Chemistry at the Royal 

 Institution, &c., was resumed and concluded. 



The object of this paper is to establish two general principles re- 

 lating to the theory of electricity, which appear to be of great im- 

 portance ; first, that induction is in all cases the result of the actions 

 of contiguous particles ; and secondly, that different insulators have 

 different inductive capacities. 



The class of phenomena usually arranged under the head of in- 

 duction are reducible to a general fact, the existence of which we may 

 recognise in all electrical phaenomena whatsoever ; and they involve 

 the operation of a principle having all the characters of a first, essen- 

 tial and fundamental law. The discovery which he had already made 

 of the law by which electrolytes refuse to yield their elements to a 

 current when in the solid state, though they give them forth freely 

 when liquid, suggested to the author the extension of analogous ex- 

 planations with regard to inductive action, and the possible reduction 

 of many dissimilar phaenomena to one single comprehensive law. 

 As the whole effect upon the electrolyte appeared to be an action 

 of the particles when thrown into a peculiar polarized state, he was 

 led to suspect that common induction itself is in all cases an action 

 of contiguous particles, and that electrical action at a distance, which 

 is what is meant by the term induction, never occurs except through 

 the intermediate agency of intervening matter. He considered that a 

 test of the correctness of his views might be obtained by tracing the 

 course of inductive action ; for if it were found to be exerted in curved 

 lines it would naturally indicate the action of contiguous particles, 

 and would scarcely be compatible with action at a distance. More- 

 over, if induction be an action of contiguous particles, and likewise 

 the first step in electrolyzation, there seemed reason to expect some 

 particular relation of this action to the different kinds of matter 

 through which it was exerted ; that is, something equivalent to a 

 specific electric induction for different bodies ; and the existence of 

 such specific powers would be an irrefragable proof of the dependence 

 of induction on the intervening particles. The failure of all attempts 

 to produce an absolute charge of electricity of one species alone, in- 

 dependent of the other, first impressed on the author the conviction 

 that induction is the result of actions among the individual and con- 

 tiguous particles of matter, having both forces developed to an ex- 

 tent exactly equal in each particle. 



The author describes various experiments, with the view of show- 

 ing that no case ever occurs in which an absolute charge of one spe- 

 cies of electricity can be given. His first experiments were conducted 

 on a very large scale : an insulated tube, twelve feet in the side, 

 consisting of a wooden frame, with wire net- work, every part of 

 which was brought into good metallic contact by bands of tin foil, 

 had a glass tube, containing a wire in connexion with a large elec- 

 trical machine, passed through its side, so that about four feet of the 

 tube entered within the cube and two feet remained without ; but it 

 was found impossible in any way within this apparatus to charge the 

 ftir with the least portioa of either electricity. 



