11 



as may fall within his reach. They, who thirst for knowledge from a deeper source 

 of zootomical science than the Manual of Blumenbach supplies, will find, in the 

 writings of Cuvier, Blainville, and Geoflroy-St.-Hilaire, among the French — , of 

 Meckel and Carus, among the German — , and Macartney, Lawrence, Grant, and 

 Todd,* among British zoologists, ample stores wherewith to gratify their longing. 

 In this number, we shall merely present, as a specimen of our proposed labour, 

 a transcript of the first short chapter of Blumenbach's work. The continuation, 

 or abandonment, of the project will entirely depend upon its reception by the 

 public. If deemed useful and instructive, it will be steadily prosecuted to the end. 

 Yet an adverse opinion, however it may cause a slight deviation, will not ultimately 

 deter us from our fixed purpose ; which is that of exhibiting, in a series of contri- 

 butions to The Naturalist, an outline, traced with all the clearness and precision 

 which we can employ, of the anatomy, physiology, and principles of arrangement, 

 of the Animal Kingdom. 



MANUAL OF COMPARATIVE ANATOMY. 



First Chapter. 



Of the Structure of the Bones of Animals, in General. 



§ 1. None but red-blooded animals (die rothbliitigen Thiere) possess a true 

 skeleton ;f in which their bones are, with few exceptions,^: united ; and on which 

 the general figure, and the degree of flexibility, of their body principally depend. 



§ 2. The ordinary white colour^ of the bones exhibits several shades or gra- 



* We particularly recommend to the notice of the student the excellent Cyclopedia of 

 Anatomy and Physiology, now in progress of publication, by Mr. Todd. 



-f- Only in a few insects and worms (Crustacea and Zoophytes), are parts of a really os- 

 seous structure developed : as the bones in the stomach of the lobster, and other species of 

 the Cancer (or AstacusJ genus ; and the bony apparatus in the mouth of the Sea-urchin, 

 Echinus (See-Igel). These parts, at least, more closely resemble, in structure, true bone 

 than the peculiar substance, Os Sepia, obtained from the Cuttle-fish, Sepia officinalis. 



X These exceptions principally are the os hyoides, or bone of the tongue (zungenbein), 

 the patella, and sesamoid bones, in many of the Mammifera, as in man ; the bone of the 

 membrum virile, in divers other of the same class, as the dog; the clavicular bones (ossa cla- 

 vicularia) of certain Mammalia, as many of the Ferae, and some GHres, in which these bones 

 exist, merely connected with the muscles ; and the whole thoracic extremity in those ani- 

 mals which, as the Solidungula, possess no clavicle ; the bony ring in the sclerotica of the 

 bird's eye ; and the intermuscular bones (Fleischgraten, — ossicula musculorum) of fishes ; 

 and their ventral fins, which correspond to the pelvic extremities of the higher animals. 



% It is remarkable that the well-known experiment of imparting a red colour to the 

 bones of an animal, by the admixture of madder with its food, succeeds very imperfectly in 

 cold-blooded animals (kaltbliitige Thiere). 



c2 



