446 PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES. 



Granular quartz in slaty and vertical strata is found in contact with this, and 

 displaying progressive changes to the sandstone. The northern side of the 

 mountains from Muflong into Assam is composed of granular, foliated felspar 

 penetrated by quartz veins. Extensive bed3 of syenite and central nuclei of 

 granite are found as far as the valley of Lower Assam. Hot and salt springs 

 were met with. It was at the base of the mountains that fossil bones were 

 observed by the late Mr. Scott. The author also collected about 160 species of 

 the animals, chiefly birds, of the forest of Assam, as well as 120 species of the 

 fishes of the Burrampooter. 



A paper was then read on the remains of a fossil Monkey from the tertiary 

 strata of the Sewalik Hills, in the north of Hindostan, by Capt. P. T. Cautley, 

 F.G.S., Bengal Artillery, and Hugh Falconer, M.D., Bengal Medical Service. 



In this communication the authors minutely describe, and compare with that 

 of Semnopithecus entellus, an astragalus which had been found in the fossil state, 

 as already mentioned in the letter from Capt. Cautley to Dr. Royle. Though 

 they have for some time possessed this specimen, they were unwilling to risk the 

 announcement on any thing less characteristic than the cranium and teeth, 

 Messrs. Baker and Dura, of the Bengal Engineers, have since found a consider- 

 able portion of the face, and the whole series of molars of a quadrumanous 

 animal, belonging to a much larger species than theirs. The fossil astragalus is 

 that of the right hind leg, and was sent, as well as that of a recent S. entellus, 

 with the paper. The former was completely mineralized, having a specific 

 gravity of about 2.8, and appearing to be impregnated with hydrate of iron. 

 Although only a solitary bone of the foot, the relations of structure are so fixed, 

 that the identity of the fossil is as certain as if the entire skeleton had been found. 

 This astragalus closely resembles in size and general form that of the recent 

 Semnopithecus entettus, but the points of difference are sufficient to leave no 

 doubt about a difference of species. 



In the debris or different beds of the formation which yielded to the quadru- 

 manous fossil astragalus, the authors have also discovered the remains of a species. 

 of Anoplotherium, also of the Crocodile and Gavial, which now inhabit the 

 Ganges. The Camel, Antelope, and Anoplotherium have been exhumed from 

 the same bed. The Elephant, Mastodon, Hippopotamus, Rhinoceros, Hog, and 

 Horse, have been found in the same formation with the Sivatherium giganteum, 

 armed with four enormous sheathed horns ; with these have been found several 

 Carnivora. Of the feathered tribes there are huge Grallce — of reptiles, besides 

 those already mentioned, there are other Crocodiles and Testudinata, both of 

 enormous size. 



