62 LILIACEAE. 



Flowers yellow; styles united the whole length. F. pudica. 



Flowers brown, spotted; styles not united the whole length. F. lanceolata. 



Fritillaria pudica (Pursh) Spreng. Stems 10-30 cm. tall; bulb-scales 

 round, numerous; leaves several, linear, obtuse, 4-12 cm. long, 5-12 mm. 

 wide, in a single whorl or scattered; flowers commonly single, sometimes 2-6; 

 perianth-segments oblong, obtuse, 1-2 cm. long, yellow, each with a reddish 

 mark at the base; stamens about equalling the united styles; capsule oblong, 

 not winged. Hillsides, common. 



Fritillaria lanceolata Pursh. Stems 30-90 cm. tall, glaucous; leaves in 

 two or three whorls of 4-6, lanceolate, sessile, 5-12 cm. long; flowers 1-6, 

 brown-purple with greenish-yellow spots; segments oblong-lanceolate; nec- 

 taries conspicuous; capsule 2-3 cm. long, with 6 broad wings. Near Palouse 

 City. 



80. ZIGADENUS. 



Glabrous erect perennial herbs from coated bulbs each crowning 

 a very short rhizome, and with leafy stems; leaves linear; inflo- 

 rescence a terminal panicle or raceme ; flowers perfect or polyga- 

 mous, greenish, yellowish or white; perianth-segments lanceolate 

 or ovate, separate or united below, sometimes adnate to the 

 lower part of the ovary, with one or two glands or a spot just 

 above the narrowed base; stamens free from the perianth- 

 segments, about equalling them in length ; ovary 3-celled ; ovules 

 several or numerous in each cavity. 



Inflorescence racemose; perianth-segments obtuse. Z. venenosus. 



Inflorescence paniculate; perianth-segments acute. Z. paniculatus. 



Zigadenus venenosus Wats. Death Camas. Stems 30-50 cm. tall, from 

 ovate, dark-coated bulbs; leaves several, linear, keeled, 3-5 mm. broad, shorter 

 than the stems; raceme many-flowered, 5-10 cm. long, much longer in fruit; 

 flowers yellowish, on pedicels 5-10 mm. long; bracts awl-shaped; perianth- 

 segments clawed, elliptical, the blade obtuse; nectaries with thick margins. 

 Common in meadows and on hillsides. Bulbs poisonous. 



Zigadenus paniculatus Wats. Similar to Z. venenosus but stouter and 

 often taller; bulb larger, often elongate; leaves 6-15 mm. broad, usually all 

 sheathing; panicle many-flowered; flowers whitish; perianth-segments deltoid- 

 ovate, acute, abruptly narrowed to the claw; nectary not definitely margined. 

 A plant of the sage brush region; rare in our limits. 



81. QUAMASIA. CAMAS. 



Scapose herbs, with membranous-coated edible bulbs; leaves 

 linear, basal; inflorescence a terminal raceme; flowers large, blue 

 or white, bracted; pedicels jointed at the base of the flower; 

 perianth-segments 6, separate, equal, spreading, persistent, 3-7- 

 nerved; stamens at the bases of the perianth-segments; ovary 

 3-celled, sessile; ovules numerous in each cavity. 



Quamasia quamash (Pursh) Coville. Scape stout, 30-70 cm. tall; leaves 

 several, mostly shorter than the stem, 5-10 mm. broad, sometimes glaucous; 

 raceme elongated, 10-30-flowered, the pedicels short; bracts narrowly lanceo- 



