CAPRIFOLIACEAE. 235 



Family 86. CAPRIFOLIACEAE. 



Shrubs or rarely herbs; leaves opposite, without genuine 

 stipules; flowers perfect, generally in cymes; calyx-tube adherent 

 to the ovary; corolla gamopetalous, tubular or rotate, 4- or 5-cleft, 

 sometimes irregular; stamens distinct, as many as the corolla- 

 lobes, rarely fewer; ovary 2-5-celled, or not rarely 1-celled; 

 ovules solitary or several ; endosperm fleshy. 



Corolla rotate or urn-shaped; flowers in compound 



cymes. 



Leaves pinnate. 350. SAMBUCUS, 235. 



Leaves simple. 351. VIBURNUM, 235. 



Corolla tubular or bell-shaped; flowers not in 



compound cymes. 



Creeping herbaceous vines. 352. LINNAEA, 236 



Shrubs, erect or climbing. 



Corolla regular, bell-shaped. 353. SYMPHORICARPOS, 236. 



Corolla more or less irregular, tubular, 

 commonly 2-lipped. 354. LONICERA, 237. 



350. SAMBUCUS. ELDER. 



Shrubs or trees; leaves opposite, pinnate; leaflets serrate or 

 laciniate; flowers small, white, numerous, in compound cymes; 

 calyx-lobes minute or obsolete; corolla gamopetalous, open urn- 

 shaped, 5-cleft; lobes broadly spreading; stamens 5, distinct; 

 stigmas 3; fruits of berry-like drupes with 3-5 nutlets, each with 

 one seed. 



Cymes flat-topped; berries glaucous. S. glauca. 



Cymes pyramidal; berries not glaucous. S. melanocarpa. 



Sambucus glauca Nutt. Shrub, 2-5 m. high, glabrous throughout, 

 somewhat glaucous; young pith white; leaves pinnate; leaflets 5-9, thickish, 

 oblong or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, sharply serrate, short-stalked, paler 

 beneath, 8-12 cm. long; lower leaflets sometimes more or less divided; subulate 

 stipels occasionally present; cymes usually 5-rayed, large, flat-topped; flowers 

 white, 45 mm. broad; fruit black, very glaucous; nutlets rugose. Common 

 along streams. 



Sambucus melanocarpa Gray. Shrub, 2-3 m. high; young pith brown; 

 leaflets 5-9, oblong or narrowly ovate, long-acuminate, sharply and evenly 

 serrate, cuneate at base, puberulent but becoming glabrous, 4-6 cm. long; 

 inflorescence broadly pyramidal; flowers white, 3 mm. broad, turning brown 

 when dried; fruit black without a bloom; nutlets rugose. In woods in the 

 mountains. 



351. VIBURNUM. 



Shrubs or small trees; leaves simple, commonly toothed, 

 sometimes deeply lobed; flowers white, in flat compound cymes; 

 calyx stigmas 1-3; fruit a 1-celled 1-seeded drupe with soft pulp 

 and a thin crustaceous stone. 



