284 



NOTES AND QUEKIES. 



[No. 230. 



and inclination of letters ; then follows an explan- 

 ation of five rules for writing, which are given in 

 the German handwriting. After exhausting the 

 "German, the author proceeds to English letters 

 and handwriting, followed by engrossing hand. 

 Then he gives the fractur, or black-letter charac- 

 ters, with some elaborate and beautiful capitals. 

 He next gives specimens of French handwriting, 

 and ends with Greek current hand, and plates of 

 larjre capitals of ornamental patterns ; all different. 

 If this work would at all answer the purpose of 

 E. B., and he would wish to see it, it shall be sent 

 to him by post on his giving his address to the 

 •writer, whose card is enclosed. F. C. H. 



I have in my possession for sale, a scarce old 

 •work, folio, a good clean copy of Geo. Bickman's 

 Universal Penman, 1733 ; with numerous engrav- 

 ings. D. H. Stkahan. 



10. Winsly Street, Oxford Street. 



|" Begging the Question " (Vol. viii., p. 640. ; 

 Vol. ix., p. 136.). — It may interest your logical 

 readers to be informed of the fact that this fallacy 

 was called the petition of the principle, this being, 

 of course, a literal rendering of the Latin phrase. 

 The earliest English work on logic in which I 

 have found this Latinism is, The Arte of Logike, 

 plainelie set foorth in our English Tongue, easie 

 both to be understoode and practised, 1584. Here 

 occurs the following passage : 



" Now of the default of Logike, called Sophisme. 

 It is eyther {g£gjjj- The generall are those which 

 cannot be referred to any part of Logike. They are 



pvthpr /Becgins of the question, called the petition of the principle. 

 coiner ^ BraKgin g of no pr?of 



Begging of the question is when nothing is brought 

 to prooue, but the question, or that which is as 

 doubtfull." 



C. Mansfield Ingleby. 

 Birmingham. 



When and where does Sunday begin or endf 

 (Vol. ix., p. 198.). — The Christian festival, com- 

 monly called Sunday, named by the ancient church 

 " The Lord's Day," because that thereon the re- 

 surrection was accomplished, and the new crea- 

 tion, the work of Messias, commenced, this feast, 

 I say, begins at six o'clock in the evening of 

 Saturday, the last day of the week, at the close of 

 that Hebrew fast ; and the end of Sunday arrives 

 at six o'clock in the evening of that first day of 

 the week. When time was measured out, the 

 count began with "the evening," which was 

 created first; and which, with the succeeding 

 morning, reckoned as the first day. 



H. OF MoRWENSTOW. 



This "question has been, to a certain extent, 

 before debated by Mr. Johnson in his addenda to 

 his Clergyman's Vade Mecum, pp. 106, 107., and 

 Ecclesiastical Law, as quoted by Wheatly, who 



combated his reasoning of Sunday beginning at 

 six o'clock on the Saturday evening. Johnson 

 rests his argument upon Deuteronomy xvi. 6., 

 where the sacrifice of the passover is ordered " at 

 even, on the going down of the sun;" upon 

 Exodus xii. 6., where the whole " congregation of 

 Israel shall kill it in the evening;" and I think 

 he might have also taken Genesis i. 5., " And the 

 evening and the morning were the first day." 

 Johnson says that 



" The Church of England has divided her nights 

 and days according to the Scriptural, not the civil 

 account : and that though our civil day begins from 

 midnight, yet our ecclesiastical day begins at six in 

 the evening . . . The proper time for vesper, or even- 

 ing song, is six of the clock, and from that time the 

 religious day begins." 



Wheatly admits that " the festival is not past 

 till evensong is ended," but does not agree to 

 its commencing on the preceding evensong ; for 

 if it does, he cannot reconcile the rubric at the 

 end of the Table of Vigils. 



On the whole, I think Johnson has the best of 

 the argument : and that Sunday begins ecclesi- 

 astically at six in the evening on Saturday ; civilly, 

 at midnight. K. J. S. 



Precious Stones (Vol. viii., p. 539. ; Vol. ix., 

 pp. 37. 88.). — Respecting precious stones, some 

 information may be gleaned from the notes to 

 Sir John Hill's translation of Theophrastus' His- 

 tory of Stones (8vo., 2nd edit., London, 1774). 



J.M. 



Oxford. 



Scotch Grievance (Vol. ix., p. 160.). — Your 

 correspondents refer to coins of a period when the 

 Scotch do not complain. Their grievance, as 

 alleged, is as to the mode of bearing the lion since 

 the Union in 1707 ; to which the instances quoted, 

 between the time of James I. and William III., 

 have no reference. G. 



" Corporations have no Souls," 8fC. (Vol. viii., 

 p. 587.). — The following, which I extract from 

 Hone's Table- Book, is probably the remark to 

 which your correspondent B. alludes : 



" Mr. Howel Walsh, in a corporation case tried at 

 the Tralee assizes, observed that a corporation cannot 

 blush. It was a body, it was true ; had certainly a 

 head — a new one every year — an annual acquisition 

 of intelligence in every new lord mayor. Arms he 

 supposed it had, and long ones too, for it could reach 

 at anything. Legs, of course, when it made such long 

 strides. A throat to swallow the rights of the com- 

 munity, and a stomach to digest them ! But who ever 

 yet discovered, in the anatomy of any corporation, 

 either bowels or a heart ? " 



Henry H. Breen. 



St. Lucia. 



