Mar. 25. 1854.] 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



271 



Heraldic. — Can any of your heraldic corre- 

 spondents inform me to what families the follow- 

 ing coat of arms belongs : — Gules, a fess sanguine 

 between three trefoils slipped proper ? There is 

 in this the not very frequent occurrence of a 

 coloured charge upon a coloured field. The only 

 similar instance I now remember is Denham, 

 Suffolk : Gules, a cross vert. Loccan. 



Dedication of Kemerton Church. — The church 

 at Kemerton, Gloucestershire, was, until a few 

 years ago, marked by the authorities with a blank, 

 just as the church of Middleton (" N. & Q.," 

 Vol. v., p. 372.) ; but it has now been discovered, 

 it would appear, to have been dedicated to St. 

 Nicholas. How, or where ? I. R. R 



Consolato del Mare. — The maritime code of 

 the Venetians derived from Barcelona, observed 

 also by the Genoese und Pisans, was called " Con- 

 solato del Mare," a.d. 1200. Why was it so 

 called ? R. H. G. 



Consonants in Welsh. — It has often been as- 

 serted that the Welsh language is remarkable for 

 the number of its consonants. Can any of your 

 readers acquainted with that language inform me 

 whether there is a larger proportion of consonants 

 in Welsh than in English ? Messrs. Chambers, 

 in a recent number of their Repository, say : 



" On the road to Merthyr, we heard a drunken 

 Welshman swear; oh for words to describe the effect ! 

 His mouth seemed full of consonants, which cracked 

 and cracked, and ground and exploded, in an extraor- 

 dinary way," &c. 



Is this a true representation of the case ? J. M. 



" Initiative " and " Psychology." — 



"... a previous act and conception of the 

 mind, or what we have called an initiative, is indis- 

 pensably necessary, even to the mere semblance of 

 method." — Coleridge's Treatise on Method. 



Am I to understand from this sentence that this 

 word was an original adaptation of Coleridge's ? 

 If not, when was it first introduced, and by whom ? 



In the same treatise, Coleridge employs the 

 word psychological, and apologises for using an 

 insolens verbum. Was this the first occasion of 

 the familiar use of this word ? I find psychology 

 in Bailey. C. Mansfield Ingleby. 



Birmingham. 



Atonement. — Can you or any of your readers 

 inform me when the word " atonement " first came 

 into use, and when it was first applied to the work 

 of reconciliation wrought by our Lord Jesus 

 Christ ? It is used once only in the New Testa- 

 ment (Romans v. 11.), and there the word does 

 not quite convey the meaning of the original 

 .KaraWayt]. The etymology of it seems so purely 



English, that one would hardly expect to find the 

 present use, or rather adaptation, of the word, so 

 very modern as it appears to be. J. H. B. 



Sir Stephen Fox. — Chambers' Journal, No. 515., 

 Nov. 12, 1853, p. 320., says : 



" Charles James Fox, who died in 1806, at the age 

 of fifty-seven, had an uncle who was paymaster of the 

 forces in 1679, the year of the battle of Bothwell 

 Bridge, and his grandfather was on the scaffold with 

 Charles I." 



After consulting several books on the subject, I 

 find that this latter statement is just possible ; but 

 I cannot, learn under what circumstances Sir 

 Stephen Fox accompanied Charles I. to the scaf- 

 fold. Can any of your readers give me the 

 desired information ? N. J. A. 



" Account of an Expedition to the Interior of New 

 Holland." — Can any one tell me the name of the 

 writer of a book with the title I have here given ? 

 It was edited by Lady Mary Fox, and published, 

 in one vol. 8vo., by Bentley, in the year 1837. I 

 may be mistaken, but I think I can recognise the 

 style of a well-known writer. Abhba. 



Darwin on Steam. — Where are the prophetic 

 lines by Dr. Darwin to be found, commencing : 



" Soon shall thy power, unrivalled steam, from far 

 Drag the slow barge, and urge the rapid car." 



Unbda. 



Philadelphia. 



Scottish Female Dress. — When did ladies cease 

 to use hair-powder, face-patches, hoops, and high- 

 heeled shoes ? An old lady of about seventy re- 

 collects perfectly that her mother wore them all 

 (so, she thinks, did her visitors, who came to a 

 dish of tea) except the hoop, which was reserved 

 for grand occasions. On the introduction of the 

 new-fangled low-heeled shoes, she recollects her 

 mother tottering about on them like a novice on 

 skates, and groaning with pains in her legs, a 

 victim to a change of fashion ! At this time, she 

 adds, was in every- day use the milk tally and 

 bread-nick-stick. The first, that represented in 

 Hogarth's picture ; the second, a stick about a 

 foot long, four-sided, on which each loaf was re- 

 gistered by a notch or nick in the stick ; the ser- 

 vant kept a similar nick-stick as a check on the 

 baker ; but during the flirtation, common then as 

 now on such occasions, the old lady slyly remarks, 

 the baker often gallantly nicked the check-stick, 

 as well as his own, with a couple of notches for 

 one. Hence, possibly, the decline and fall of the 

 use of this wooden system of book-keeping by 

 double notch. Is any date assigned to the ceasing 

 of the practice of using the wooden tally and nick- 

 stick ? C. D. Lamont. 



Greenock. 



