Mak. 25. 1854.] 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



287 



tecture in England, vol. i. p. 246.) that as early as 

 the thirteen tli century the practice of white- 

 washing buildings was universal ; and that " the 

 process, so vehemently denounced by modern an- 

 tiquaries, was liberally applied also to ecclesias- 

 tical edifices." William Kelly. 

 Leicester. 



Mr. Hudson Turner says : 



" We are not to consider the practice of whitewash- 

 ing stonework as a vice peculiar to modern times. Our 

 ancestors had as great an objection to the natural sur- 

 face of stone, whether in churches or other buildings, 

 as any churchwardens or bricklayers of the nineteenth 

 century. Several writs of Henry III. are extant, di- 

 recting the Norman Chapel in the Tower to be white- 

 washed. Westminster Hall was whitewashed for the 

 coronation of Edward I. ; and many other ancient 

 examples might be cited. In fact it seems to have 

 been the rule to plaster ordinary stonework." — Do- 

 mestic Architecture in England, p. xxvi. 



A far earlier instance of the practice appears in 

 Deuteronomy xxvii. 2. 



K.'s question, however, is scarcely answered by 

 the above, as it cannot be supposed that delicate 

 sculpture was clogged with whitewash until it be- 

 came obnoxious on religious grounds. C. R. M. 



Enfield Church (Vol. viii., p. 352.). — Your cor- 

 respondent is quite wrong as to the date of this 

 building. The nave is separated from the north 

 and south aisles by an arcade of five arches of 

 undoubted Middle Pointed work ; not later than 

 the beginning of the fourteenth century, to which 

 date also belongs the east window of the chancel : 

 the " clere-story," which has the device of a rose 

 and wing (not ring), is probably of the date 

 assigned to the whole church by your correspon- 

 dent. The south aisle was much altered about 

 forty years ago, the windows of which are a bad 

 imitation of those in the north aisle. In making 

 alterations to the chancel in 1852, the piscina, and 

 a portion of the sedilia, a drawing of which is 

 given in The Builder, vol. x. p. 797., with a win- 

 dow over, were brought to light. They belong to 

 the First Pointed period, or about the latter part 

 of the twelfth century ; clearly showing that a 

 portion, at least, of the church is of the last-men- 

 tioned date. 



I have always understood that the wing and 

 rose, on the walls of the clere-story, was the cog- 

 nizance of Abbot Wingrose of Waltham. 



Jas. P. St. Aubyn. 



Coin of Carausius (Vol. ix., p. 148.). — C. G. is 

 right in considering his coin as of Carausius, who 

 reigned from 1040 to 1046 a.u.c. I would sug- 

 gest p. f. for Pius Felix, as preferable to p. p. 



The dates will show that the letters mlxxi 

 have nothing to do with the year 1071. On other 

 coins of Carausius we find the signs ml, Moneta 



Londinensis, or Moneta Londini (percussa) ; and 

 msl, Moneta signata Londini. These interpre- 

 tations are justified by analogy with the Roman 

 coins, and by the signs on coins of Constantine, 

 msl, which must be interpreted as on the coins of 

 Carausius, mlon, and mln, Moneta Londini {per- 

 cussa). The abbreviation ln for lon is analogous 

 to rv for Ravenna, which is undoubted. 



As for the letters xxi, they occur very fre- 

 quently, either alone or with others, on coins of 

 Aurelian and his successors. They have evi- 

 dently relation to the value of the coin, and are 

 replaced by the Greek letters KA, which have the 

 same numerical value, on coins of Diocletian, &c. 

 As analogous signs, I may quote lxxii and OB, 

 the corresponding Greek letters, on amei respec- 

 tively of Constantine and Valentinian, showing 

 the amews-= T V of a pound ; lx on silver coins of 

 Constantius= gL °f a pound ; and xcvi on denarii 

 of Diocletian = -^ of a pound. 



It has not yet been explained, however, in what 

 relation these copper coins stood to the others, so 

 as to justify the xxi, unless Mommsen may have 

 done so in a book I have not seen, Ueber den 

 V erf all des Munzwesens in der Kaiser zeit, 1851. 

 See for the particulars of the above-cited coins, 

 Pinder and Friedlander's Beitrdge zur Munz- 

 kunde, p. 17. and following. W. H. Scott. 



Torquay. 



Society for Burning the Dead (Vol.ix., p. 76.).— 



" The Pioneer Metropolitan Association for Pro- 

 moting the Practice of Decomposing the Dead by the 

 Agency of Fire. W. H. Newman, Hon. Sec, to 

 whom all communications are to be addressed, post 

 paid, at the City of London Mechanics' Institute, 

 Gould Square, Crutched Friars, or at 7. Cleveland 

 Street, Mile End Road. 



" January, 1850. 

 * Arthur Trevelvan, 

 " Associate." 



Anon. 



Map of Dublin (Vol. ix., p. 171.). — Your 

 querist C. H. will be shown with pleasure, at my 

 house, a very ancient map of Dublin, styled " An 

 Exact Copy of a Map of the City and Harbour of 

 Dublin, from a Survey by John Rocque." There 

 is no date to it, but I observe that the street 

 I live in was called " Fleet Alley." 



John H. Powell. 



15. Westmoreland Street, Dublin. 



Pettifogger (Vol. vii., p. 354.). — One who 

 " would cast a mist before," and around, his 

 clients. He makes it his constant practice to raise 

 a " petty-fog." 



" And thus much for this cloud, I cannot say rather 

 than petty-fog of witnesses, with which Episcopal men 

 would cast a mist before us, to deduce their exalted 



