April 29. 1854.] 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



407 



time, the positives become more of a brown tint than 

 lie likes, let him add a small quantity of sel d'or, half a 

 grain to a bath of from 12 to 16 ounces, and he will 

 find the dark tints restored. 



I inclose a copy of the print of " Horse-shoeing," 

 obtained precisely by the method described. It is 

 rather overprinted; but if Amateur will give you his 

 address, and you will forward it to him, it will show 

 him what tones of colour and depth may be procured 

 by following the foregoing directions. C. E. F. 



Photographic Excursions. — A few Fellows of the 

 Society of Antiquaries have formed themselves into a 

 Photographic Club for the purpose of making pe- 

 riodical excursions into the country, and so securing 

 accurate views of the objects of antiquarian interest in 

 the different localities they may visit. As it is in- 

 tended that a copy of every photograph so taken shall 

 be deposited in the portfolios of the Society, the ad- 

 vantages likely to result from this little reunion, both 

 to the Society of Antiquaries and to Archaeology 

 generally, are very obvious. 



ftepltoi ta Elinor <&\izrie$. 



" To Garble" (Vol. ix., pp. 243. 359.).— I venture, 

 with deference, to express a doubt as to whether 

 E. S. T. T. has correctly defined either the former 

 or the present meaning of the verb to garble, when 

 he says "it meant a selection of the good and the 

 discarding of the bad parts of anything : its present 

 meaning is exactly the reverse of this." The 

 statutes referred to by your correspondent, the 

 first enacting that no bow staves shall be sold un- 

 garbled, and the second imposing a penalty on the 

 sale of spices and drugs not garbled, appear to me 

 to indicate the former meaning of the word to have 

 been the selection (picking out) of the bad and the 

 discarding of it. Experience shows that in all 

 operations, involving the separation of objects 

 worthless and of value, such as weeding, sifting, 

 and winnowing, the former is removed from the 

 latter and discarded. This view of the case seems 

 to be supported by the fact of the dust and dross 

 sifted from spices being called " garbles." The 

 weeder removes weeds from flowers or plants, the 

 garbler removes garbles from spices and bad bow 

 staves from amongst good ones. Richardson's 

 Dictionary contains the following notes under the 

 head Garble: 



" Fr. Grabeler ; It. Garbellare. Cotgrave says, 

 Grabeller, to garble spices,. &c, ("and hence) also to 

 examine precisely, sift nearly, look narrowly, search 

 curiously into." 



After giving some examples of its use, Richard- 

 son says : 



" As usually applied in England, to garble is to pick 

 out, sift out what may serve a particular purpose, and 

 thus destroy or mutilate the fair character of the 

 whole." 



To go no farther, the reports of the parliamentary- 

 debates, when a " Blue Book" happens to furnish 

 matter for discussion, amply confirm Richardson's 

 definition, that to garble is to pick out what may 

 serve a purpose. In this sense, however, E. S. T. T. 

 must admit that it would be as much garbling to 

 quote all the good passages of a work as to quote 

 all the bad ones. May we not then assume the 

 present meaning of the word garble to be this — to 

 quote passages with the view of conveying an im- 

 pression of the ability or intention of a writer, 

 which is not warranted by the general scope of the 

 work ? C. Ross. 



'■'•Lyra Apostolica" (Vol. ix., p. 304.). — There 

 is, I believe, a slight inaccuracy in the rotation of 

 the names given at the above page as the writers 

 in the Lyra Apostolica. They go in alphabetical 

 order, thus : a, Bowden ; 0, Froude ; 7, Keble ; 

 5, Newman ; e, Wilberforce ; f, Williams. 



B. R. A. Y. 



The poems signed £. were written by Williams, 

 not by Wilberforce. 



Can you explain the meaning of the motto on 

 the title-page — 



" Yvdlsv 5', ws Si] Sripbv eyo)> iroA4fx.oio 7riirav/j.ai"? 



M. D. 



[This motto is from Homer, Iliad, xviii. 125. Its 

 literal translation is, " They (the enemy) shall know 

 that it was I who have long kept away from the war," 

 and, by implication, that I have now returned to it; 

 even I, the great hero Achilles ; for he is the taunting 

 speaker. Had it not been for my absence, he inti- 

 mates, the Trojans had not gained so many and great 

 victories. We must leave our correspondent to apply 

 this Homeric verse to the Protestant dark ages of the 

 Georgian era, and to the theological movement of 

 1833.] 



John Bale, Bishop of Ossory (Vol. ix., p. 324.). — 

 A catalogue, professing to be a complete one, of this 

 over-ardent reformer's voluminous works, with a 

 portrait, may be seen in Holland's Heroblogia 

 Anglica, fol. 165-7. There are some curious notices 

 concerning him in Blomefield's History of Norwich 

 (fol. 1741), pp. 154, 155. 794., where reference is 

 also made to his brother Robert as a learned man. 

 and great writer. William Matthews. 



Cowgill. 



Burial in an erect Posture (Vol. viii., pp. 5. 59. 

 233. 455. 630. ; Vol. ix., p. 279.). — How strange it is 

 that all of us should have forgotten Charlemagne. 

 When his tomb at Aix-la-Chapelle was opened by 

 the Emperor Frederic Barbarossa in 1165, "he 

 found the body of Charlemagne, not reclining in 

 his coffin, as is the usual fashion of the dead, but 

 seated in his throne, as one alive, clothed in the 

 imperial robes, bearing the sceptre in his hand, and 

 on his knees a copy of the gospels." (See Murray's 



