May 20. 1854.] 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



479 



found that warps are distinct pieces of ploughed 

 land, separated by furrows. I think I here give 

 the derivation and meaning, and refer to the 

 authority. If the derivation be not here given, 

 then I would refer to the Saxon word werpen, 

 meaning " to cast." 



Across marshy grounds, to this day, are seen 

 ridges forming foot-paths, with a furrow on each 

 side. A ridge of this sort would formerly be, 

 perhaps, a warple-way. Or perhaps a path across 

 an open common field, cast off or divided, as 

 Halliwell mentions, by warps, would be a warple- 

 way. Viator. 



Wapple-way, or, as on the borders of Surrey 

 and Sussex it is called, waffel-way : and the gate 

 itself, waffel-gate. If it should appear, as in the 

 cases familiar to me, these waffel-ways run along 

 the borders of shires and divisions of shires, such 

 as hundreds, I would suggest that they were mili- 

 tary roads, — the derivation waffe (Ger.), weapon. 



H. F. B. 



Medal of Chevalier St. George (Vol. ix., 

 pp. 105. 311.). — With reference to the observa- 

 tions of your correspondents A. S. and H., I would 

 beg to observe that, some time ago, I gave to the 

 Museum at Winchester a medal struck on the 

 occasion of the marriage of Prince James F. E. 

 Stuart and M. Clementina Sobieski : on the ob- 

 verse is a very striking head and bust of Clemen- 

 tina, with this inscription : 



" Clementina, M. Britan., Fr., et Hib. Regina." 



On the reverse is Clementina, driving an ancient 

 chariot towards the Colosseum, with this inscrip- 

 tion : on the top — 



" Fortunam causamque sequor." 



at the bottom — 



" Deceptis Custodibus. mdccxix." 



This latter inscription refers to her escape from 

 Innspruck, where the princess and her suite had 

 been detained by the emperor's orders. 



This marriage, to prevent which so many efforts 

 were made, prolonged for eighty-eight years the 

 unfortunate House of Stuart. E. S. S. W. 



Shahspeares Inheritance (Vol. ix., pp. 75. 154.). 

 ■ — Probably the following extracts from Littleton's 

 Tenures in English, lately perused and amended 

 (1656), may tend to a right understanding of the 

 meaning of inheritance and purchase — if so, you 

 may print them : 



" Tenant in fee simple is he which hath lands or 

 tenements to hold to him and his heires for ever : and 

 it is called in Latine feodum simplex; for feodum is 

 called inheritance, and simplex is as much to say as 

 lawful or pure, and so feodum simplex is as much to 

 say as lawfull or pure inheritance. For if a man 



will purchase lands or tenements in fee simple, it be- 

 hoveth him to have these words in his purchase, To 

 have and to hold unto him and to his heires : for these 

 words (his heires) make the estate of inheritance, 

 Anno 10 Henrici 6. fol. 38. ; for if any man purchase 

 lands in these words, To have and to hold to him for 

 ever, or by such words, To have and to hold to him 

 and to his assigns for ever ; in these two cases he hath 

 none estate but for terme of life ; for that, that he 

 lacketh these words (his heires), which, words only 

 make the estate of inheritance in all feoffements and 

 grants." 



" And it is to be understood that this word (inherit- 

 ance) is not only understood where a man hath lands 

 or tenements by descent of heritage, but also every fee 

 simple or fee taile that a man hath by his purchase, 

 may be said inheritance ; for that, thus his heires may 

 inherite them. For in a Writ of Right that a man 

 bringeth of land that was of his own purchase, the 

 writ shall say, Quam clamat esse jus et hcereditatem suam, 

 this is to say, which he claimeth to be bis right and 

 his inheritance." 



" Also purchase is called the possession of lands or 

 tenements that a man hath by his deed or by his agree- 

 ment, unto which possession he coinmeth, not by 

 descent of any of his ancestors or of his cosins, but by 

 his own deed." 



J. Bell. 



Cranbroke, Kent. 



Cassock (Vol. ix., pp. 101. 337.). — A note in 

 Whalley's edition of Ben Jonson has the following 

 remark on this word : 



" Cassock, in the sense it is here used, is not to be 

 met with in our common dictionaries : it signifies a 

 soldier's loose outward coat, and is taken in that ac- 

 ceptation by the writers of Jonson's times. Thus 

 Shakspeare, in All's Well that Ends Well : 



1 Half of the which dare not shake the snow from 

 their cassocks.'" 



This is confirmed in the passage of Jonson, on 

 which the above is a note. 



" This small service will bring him clean out of love 

 with the soldier. He will never come within the 

 sign of it, the sight of a cassock." — Every Man in his 

 Humour, Act II. Sc. 5. 



The cassock, as well as the gown and band, 

 seem to have been the usual attire of the clergy 

 on all occasions in the last century, as we find 

 from the paintings of Hogarth and the writings of 

 Fielding, &c. When did this custom cease ? Can 

 any reader of " N. & Q." supply traditional proof 

 of clergymen appearing thus apparelled in ordinary 

 life ? E. H. M. L. 



Tailless Cats (Vol. ix., p. 10.). — On the day on 

 which this Query met my eye, a friend informed 

 me that she had just received a letter from an 

 American clergyman travelling in Europe, in 

 which he mentioned having seen a tailless cat in 

 Scotland, called a Manx cat, from having come 



