May 27. 1854.] 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



503 



three centuries before Henry VIII. The office of 

 parish clerk and sexton has also been hereditary 

 in the parishes of Hope and King's Norton, Wor- 

 cestershire. Cuthbebt Bede, B. A. 



Lyras Commentary (Vol. ix., p. 323.). — The 

 human figure described by Edward Peacock as 

 impressed on one cover of his curious old copy of 

 the Textus biblie, &c, has no glory round the 

 head, or over it, by his account. This would 

 warrant the conclusion that it was not intended 

 for any saint, or it might almost pass for a St. 

 Christopher. But I believe it is meant as em- 

 blematic of a Christian generally, in his passage 

 through this life. I suspect that what Mr. Pea- 

 cock speaks of as a " fence composed of inter- 

 laced branches of trees," is intended to represent 

 waves of water by undulating lines. The figure 

 appears to be wading through the waters of the 

 tribulations of this life, by the help of his staff, 

 just as St. Christopher is represented. This may 

 account for the loose appearance of his nether 

 habiliments, which are tucked up, so as to leave 

 the knees bare. The wallet is a very fit accom- 

 paniment for the pilgrim's staff. The wicker 

 basket holds his more precious goods ; but, to 

 show the insecurity of their tenure, the pilgrim 

 has a sword ready for their defence. 



It is not so easy to account for the animals on 

 the other cover. My conjecture is, that at least 

 the four lower ones are meant for the emblematic 

 figures of the four evangelists. The bird may be 

 the eagle, the monkey the man ; the dog may, on 

 closer scrutiny, be found to look something like 

 the ox or calf; and the lion speaks for itself. But 

 I can attempt no explanation of the upper 

 figures, which Mr. Peacock says " may be 

 horses." I should much like to see drawings of 

 the whole, both human and animal, having a great 

 predilection for studying such puzzles. But if 

 the above hints prove of any service, it will 

 gratify F. C. Husenbeth, D.D., 



Compiler of the Emblems of Saints. 



Blackguard (Vol. vii., p. 77. ; Vol. viii., p. 414.). 

 — Many contributions towards the history of this 

 word have appeared in the pages of " N; & Q." 

 May I forward another instance of its being in 

 early use, although not altogether in its modern 

 acceptation ? 



A copy of a medical work in my possession (a 

 12mo., printed in 1622, and in the original bind- 

 ing) has fly-leaves from some printed book, as is 

 often the case in volumes of that date. These fly- 

 leaves seem to be part of some descriptive sketches 

 of different classes of society, published towards 

 the early part of the seventeenth century ; and 

 some of your readers may be able to identify the 

 work from my description of these odd sheets. 

 No. 14. is headed "An unworthy Judge;" 16. 



"An unworthy Knight and Souldier;" 17. "A 

 worthy Gentleman;" 18. "An unworthy Gentle- 

 man," &c. At p. 13., No. 27., occurs " A Bawde 

 of the Blacke Guard," with her description in 

 about sixteen lines. She is said to be " well 

 verst in the black art, to accommodate them of 

 the black guard : a weesel-look't gossip she is in 

 all places, where herr mirth is a bawdy tale," and 

 so on. 



Judging from these fly-leaves, the work from 

 which they have been taken appears to have been 

 an octavo, or small quarto. " Finis" stands on the 

 reverse of the leaf whence my extract is copied. 



Jaydee. 



Another instance of the use of the word black- 

 guard, in the sense given to it in "N. & Q." 

 (Vol. ii., pp. 170. 285.), is to be found in Burton's 

 Anatomy of Melancholy, part i. sect. 2., " A Di- 

 gression of the Nature of Spirits, bad Angels, or 

 Devils, &c," in a passage, part of which is given 

 as a quotation. " Generally they far excel men 

 in worth, as a man the meanest worme ; " though 

 some of them are " inferior to those of their own 

 rank in worth, as the black-guard of a prince's 

 court, and to men again, as some degenerate, base, 

 rational creatures are excelled of brute beasts." 

 The edition of Burton I quote from is 1652. 



C. de D. 



"Augustus Caesar on a time, as he was passing 

 through Rome, and saw certain strange women lulling 

 apes and whelps in their arms: 'What!' said he; 

 ' have the women of these countries none other chil- 

 dren?' So may I say unto you [Dr. Cole], that make 

 so much of Gerson, Driedo, Royard, and Tapper : 

 Have the learned men of your side none other doctors ? 

 For, alas ! these that ye allege are scarcely worthy to 

 be allowed amongst the black guard." — Bp. Jewel's 

 Works (P. S. ed.), vol. i. p. 72. 



This is, I think, an earlier example than any 

 that has yet been given in " N. & Q." 



"VV. P. Storeb. 



Olney, Bucks. 



"Atonement" (Vol. ix., p. 271.). — The word 

 KaraWayr], used by JEschylus and Demosthenes, 

 occurs 2 Cor. v. 19., Rom. xi. 15. v. 11. The word 

 atonement bears two senses : the first, reconciliation, 

 as used by Sir Thomas More, Shakspeare, Beaumont 

 and Fletcher, and Bishops Hall and Taylor ; the 

 second, expiation, as employed by Milton, Swift, 

 and Cowper. In the latter meaning we find it 

 in Numbers, and other books of the Old Testa- 

 ment, as the translation of iKaana. 



Waterland speaks of " the doctrine of expiation, 

 atonement, or satisfaction, made by Christ in His 

 blood" (Disc, of Fundamentals, vol. v. p. 82.). 

 Barrow, Seeker, and Beveridge use the word 

 atone or atonement in this combined sense of the 

 term. E. Gloucester, Chaucer, and Dryden ex- 

 pressly speak " at one," in a similar way ; and, 



