of Inglebormigh above the Level of the Sea. 249 



The large conical signal, regularly built of limestone rock, 

 was based on a piece of verdant level ground 365 feet south- 

 west, and 3 feet below the level, of the extreme summit of the 

 moor (and of the entire ridge). On the crown of Warton 

 Crag, a limestone knoll* situated between Warton (seven 

 miles north of Lancaster,) and the eastern shore of the bay of 

 Morecambe, stands a large boulder rock, on which was raised 

 a tall but slender pile of stones. Clougha Pikes, two noted 

 landmarks five miles E.S.E. of Lancaster, stand on the ruins 

 of a building which marked the boundary between Wyersdale 

 and Lunesdale at the abrupt termination of a grit ridge ex- 

 tending in a westerly direction from Bolland Forest. The 

 eastern pike was considerably reduced in height to avoid 

 mistaking it for the other, which was formed conical, but with 

 an axis unavoidably so much inclined as to render it very 

 difficult of accurate bisection + . Principally to obtain the 

 height of Lancaster church tower above the canal, a few ob- 

 servations were made at the bridge one mile from Lancaster, 

 on the road to Kirkby Lonsdale, and at a station 64^ feet to 

 the south-east, on the towing-path of the canal near the aque- 

 duct across the Lune. 



A few observations on the identity of site of my signals 

 with those of Colonel Mudge at such of his stations, &c., as 

 were adopted as a basis for the triangulation may not be im- 

 properly introduced here. At the Calf, five miles north of 

 Sedbergh, the highest ground or nearly sof of the Howgill 

 (clayslate) Fells, the turf signal stands precisely where were 

 found wooden stakes, numerous loose stones, &c., the usual 

 vestiges of the Colonel's stations. From the regular figure 

 and great size of the pike on Black Comb, it forms, no doubt, 

 although apparently not placed on the highest part of the fell, 

 one of the numerous signals erected a few years ago at Co- 

 lonel Mudge's stations in the Lake district by the party en- 

 gaged in extending his survey into Scotland and Ireland. As 

 the diminutive pike seen from Hest-bank and other low 

 situations at some distance to the left of the other, is invisible 

 from elevated ground, it is most probably placed as a guide 

 on the side of the crest of the hill. Rossal Landmark, a lofty 



* On Warton Sands dull-red grit, horizontally bedded, rises a few feet 

 above the level of high-water mark, and abuts (?) against the western flanks 

 of the Crag. 



f Cylindrical signals are much superior in this respect to those of a 

 conical figure. 



X When the telescopic level, resting on a stone about a foot high, 

 pointed at a knoll nearly a mile to the southward, the bubble stood be- 

 tween its marks. 



Third Sei'ics, Vol. 6. No. 34. April 1835. 2 K 



