Comparative Osteology of the Orang Utuji and Chimpanzee. 457 



just mentioned with those of the seminal vesicles, is very narrow : 

 in the greater part of its course it is coiled in numerous and complex 

 gyrations around the intestine, but towards the lower third of the 

 body its coils become fewer and more distant, the brown ova are 

 seen in scattered masses, and at length it runs parallel with the in- 

 testine straight to the anus. It is widest at the commencement of 

 the coils ; then becomes narrower ; and afterwards continues of the 

 same diameter to its termination. 



The cerebral ganglion mentioned by Cuvier was very conspicuous 

 in the specimen here described : it is situated between the mouth and 

 the commencement of the oviduct, and is consequently sub- oesopha- 

 geal . Eight pairs of nerves may be distinguished going from it in a 

 radiated manner. ITiis radiated disposition of the nervous system is 

 similar to that which obtains in the Slug (Limax) ; and it may also 

 be observed that the disposition of the muscular system in Limax is 

 analogous to that of Linguatula, being most developed at the sides of 

 the foot, and least along the middle line, which is thin and semi- 

 transparent when viewed against the light. If it were allowable to 

 trace further the analogy of form subsisting between genera so widely 

 separated, the two fossa with their little hooks on either side the 

 mouth of Linguatula, might be compared with the two depressions, 

 which, when the tentacula are retracted, may be seen in the same 

 situation in the head of the Slug, It is the superior organization of 

 these parts, required for its superior powers of locomotion, that ren- 

 ders necessary the further development of the nervous system in the 

 Slug ; and the completion of the cerebral ring and the development 

 of the supra- oesophageal ganglia constitute the chief difference be- 

 tween it and Linguatula in this part of their organization. In like 

 manner the action of the muscles in the Slug occasions waste, and 

 demands a proportionate supply of new material ; and hence the ne- 

 cessity of the superaddition of a sanguineous system for the car- 

 riage of the restorative molecules, of a more complex digestive appa- 

 ratus for their supply, and of respiratory and secretory organs for the 

 elimination of the waste parts of the body. In Linguatula, on the 

 contrary, the sphere of action being limited to a dark cavity, the 

 necessity for the superadded structures does not exist ; its food, sJ- 

 ready animalized, requires only a simple canal to complete its assi- 

 milation ; neither heart nor vessels are conspicuous ; and it is pro- 

 bable that nutrition is effected by transudation and imbibition. 



The reading of Mr. Owen's Paper was accompanied by the exhi- 

 bition of drawings in illustration of the structures described in it, 



March 10th. — Mr. Owen commenced the reading of a Paper " On 

 the comparative Osteology of the Orang and Chimpanzee.** He stated 

 that he was indebted to Mr. Walker for the opportunity of examiiiing 

 and describing in detail the skeleton of an adult Chimpanzee^ ob- 

 tained by that gentleman a few years since from the west coast of 

 Africa, which had enabled him to compare it with that of the young 

 animal. This comparison evidenced in that species a series of changes 

 in the advance towards maturity, analogous to those which take 

 place in the Orang and the Pongo, nnd consequently afforded a strong 



Third Series. Vol. 6. No. 36. June 1835. 3 N 



