Apparatus of Wouljtimprovtd. ^t 



X. 



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The Apparatus ofWoulfe improved, fo as not to require luting. By Cit. Girard* 



A^ 



i.S the ingenious apparatus of Woulfc, which has been fo highly ufeful in modern 

 chemiftry, always requires a confiderable time for its arrangement in thofe operations in 

 which it is ufed, the attention of philofophers has been long' dire£ted to the means of 

 fimplifying it. Various forms have been contrived to conftruft this apparatus, hermeti- 

 cally clofed, without the alTiftance of luting ; but they are in general too difficult in the 

 execution. That which I now offer to the Inftitute, may be put together or difmounted 

 in a few feconds, and appears applicable in all the circumftances of experiment. 



It confifts fimply in caufing the veflels to be made at the glafs houfe, with the neck A, to 

 receive the interior tube A B (PI. II. Fig. 2.) which is welded in the neck itfelf by means 

 of a proje£lion in the fide of the gla(s. The tube on the oppofite fide is firft drawn to a 

 point, or thin tube as ufual ; but then inflead of breaking this tube near the bottle, to make 

 it agree with the fubfequent fitiings, it is left entire and bended, fo that it terminates in a 

 curve, which may be introduced into the tube A B. It is unneceffary to remark, that the 

 tube A B, and the neck into which it enters, fliould have the fame curvature, which is very 

 cafily effe£ted by bending both on the fame cylinder of earth or wood. 



It may be eafily underftood, that the neck of the iirfl: bottle being introduced into the 

 tube of the fecond, beyond which it projedls, and both tubes entirely immerfed in the 

 water, no gas can efcapc from the firft veffel, but by paffing through its neck, and through 

 the liquid it contains. 



Fig. 3. reprefents another apparatus of Woulfe's, which will fupply the place of the 

 other in cafe of diftance from a glafs houfe. It is compofed of large necked bottles and 

 tubes. Take a fomewhat thick tube, of fufficient bore to receive another. The upper part 

 of this muft be enlarged by heating and blowing, and it may afterwards be ground and 

 made to fit in the form of a ftopper. 



Another tube fhould be then taken, which can enter the firft fo loofely that it can be 

 moved with eafe. The extremity A of this tube is then ground in the fame manner, in 

 order that it may fit another bottle, after which the ufual curve A B C is given to it. 



Laftly, It is introduced into the tube E F, fig. 4. and the prominent part D is bended 

 upwards. The veffel may then be confidered as hermetically clofed, as foon as the lower 

 aperture of the large tube is immerfed in the included water. 



The curve of the tubes and necks of the bottles is only intended to dlre£t the bubbles o£ 

 gas which efcape through the neck, that they may not again enter the tube out of which 

 they are required to pafs. This curvature is not required, except in fmall apparatus. 



• Annales de Chimie, xxxii. z8ji 

 Vol. IV.— April 1800. G Wljea 



