264 On the Physical and Geographical Distrib ution 



phous, nine and one, and so they are seen occasionally in our 

 tree ; but the more common form is that of being split down 

 the middle into two equal parts of five each, as in P. Dal- 

 bergioides. The wood, too, resembles it. " Not unlike ma- 

 hogany, but rather redder, heavier, and coarser in the grain." 

 It is often called " red wood" at Maulmain ; and from the 

 colour of the wood, some of the natives distinguish the spe- 

 cies, '' red Pa-douk" being P. Dalbergioides and " white Pa- 

 douk,'' P. Indlcus. 



Both these trees produce an astringent gum, which has 

 been exported for Gum Kino, or whether it was a mixture 

 of both it is not possible to say. Probably the latter, as the 

 native collectors would not probably make any distinction ; 

 possibly it is the production of neither. It may be that P. 

 marsupium is found in the Shan States ; for it grows, I be- 

 lieve, in Assam, and the man that did not distinguish the 

 two species in Maulmain, would not distinguish them from 

 a third at Zimmay. Be that as it may, this is certain, that 

 these provinces can furnish the commercial world with a 

 large quantity of Gum Kino. If the result of the experiment 

 which was made be correct, we have a great abundance of 

 it within our ovrn borders, for the Pa-douk is one of the most 

 common forest-trees in the provinces from the Tenasserim 

 to the Sal wan. It furnishes a considerable portion of the 

 fuel that is sold in Maulmain. But if not, it is certainly 

 abundant in the neighbouring provinces, whose only avenue 

 to market is through our territories. — The Journal of the 

 Asiatic Society of Bengal, No. 20, p. 223. 



On the Physical and Geographical Distribution of the Birds 

 of Ireland* 



The least reflection will convince any one who appreciates 

 the geographical distribution of species, that the birds of 

 Ireland are, in this respect, even more interesting than those 

 of Great Britain, as, within its latitude and longitude, Ire- 

 land is the " ultima Thule," — the extreme western limit to 

 which the European species, not found in the western hemi- 



