[15] 



COLLECTING AND PRESERVING INSECTS RILEY. 



FIG. 11. The Plum Curculio, Conotrache- 

 lun nenuphar, a, larva; b, pupa; c, 

 beetle; d, plum showing egg-puncture 

 and crescent. 



all the tarsi are 5-joiuted; (2) HETEROMERA, with the four ante- 

 rior 5-joiuted aud the two posterior 4-jointed; (3) PSEUDO-TETRA 

 MERA, with apparently only tour joints 

 to all the tarsi, though, in reality, there 

 is a fifth penultimate joint, diminutive 

 and concealed; (4) PSEUDO-TRIMERA, 

 with apparently only three joints to all 

 the tarsi. This system, like most others, 

 is not perfect, as there are numerous spe- 

 cies not possessing five joints to the tarsi 

 belonging to the first section; and for 

 practical purposes beetles may be very 

 well arranged according to habit. We 

 thus get, first, the ADEPHAGA, or carniv- 

 orous species, including all those which 

 prey on other living insects, and to which, following Mr. Walsh, I have, 

 for obvious reasons, applied the suggestive term 'Cannibal'; second, 



the NECROPHAG A, comprising those 

 which feed on carrion, dung, fungi, 

 and decaying vegetation ; third, the 

 PHYTOPHAGA, embracing all those 

 feeding on living vegetation. This 



arrangement is by no means perfect, 

 for there are beetles which are car- 

 nivorous in the larva and herbivor- 

 ous in the imago state ; while some of 

 the NECROPHAGA are actually para- 

 sitic. Yet, it is not more artificial than others which have been proposed. 

 The carnivorous species, broadly speaking, are Pentamerom, the only 

 striking exception being the Coccinellidae (Lady-birds), which are 

 Pseudo-trimerous. The carrion-feeders are also Pcntamerous; but veg- 





FIG. 12. A Soldier -beetle, Chaulioynathus 

 pennsylvanicus. a, larva; b-h, parts of 

 larva enlarged; i, beetle. 



d 



FIG. 13. The Bogus Potato-beetle, Doryphora juncta. a. 

 eggs; b. larva 1 ; c, beetle: (/and* 1 , parts of beetle enlarged. 



etable-feeders are found in all the tarsal divisions, though the r*< ndo- 

 Mramera are the more essentially herbivorous, and consequently the 

 most injurious.'' 



