PASSERES ICTERIDAE XANTHOCEPHALUS ICTEUOCEPHALUS. 315 



XANTHOCEPHALUS ICTEROCEPHALUS (Bou.). 

 Yellow-headed Blackbird. 



Icterus icterocephalus, BON., Am. Orn., i, 1825, 27, pi. iii. 



Agelaws ictcrocephalus, BD., Stans. Rep. Exp. Great Salt Lake, 1852, 320. 



Xunthoccphulus icterocephalus, BD., P. 11. R. Kep., Beckwith's Route, x, 1859, 13. Id., 

 Ives' Col. Exped., 1857-58, pt. iv, C. XANTUS. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 

 1859, 192 (Fort Tejou, Gal.). BD., U. S. & Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, pt. ii, 1859, 

 Birds, 18. HENRY, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 107 (New Mexico). 

 HAYD., Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., xii, 18G2, 109. CODES, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 

 Phila., I860, 91 (Fort Whipple, Ariz.). Id., ib., 1868, 84. COOPER, Birds 

 Cal., i, 1870, 267. STEV., U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., 1870, 465. COUES, Am. 

 Nat., v, 1871, 195. ALLEN, Bui. Mus. Comp. Zool., 1872, 178. COUES, Key 

 N. A. Birds, 1872, 156, f. 98. SNOW, Birds Kan., 1872, 11. AIKEN, Proc. 

 Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 1872, 202. MERRIAM, U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., 1872, 

 68(5 (Idaho). BD., BEEW., & RIDG., N. A. Birds, ii, 1874, 167, pi. xxxii, f. 9, 

 pi. xxxiii, f. 9. YARROW, Kep. Orn. Specs., 1871, Wheeler's Exped., 1874, 

 35. YARROW & HENSHAW, Rep. Orn. Specs., 1872, Wheeler's Exped., 1874, 

 19. HENSHAW, An. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., xi, 1874, 7. Id., An. List Birds 

 Utah, 1872, Wheeler's Exped., 1874, 45. Id., Rep. Orn. Specs., 1873, 

 Wheeler's Exped., 1874, 64, 82, 121. ALLEN, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Ilist., 

 June, 1874, 18, 30. COUES, Birds Northwest, 1874, 188. 



Agdaius xanthoccphalus, WOODH., Sitgreave'sExp. Zufii &Col. Riv., 1854,80. NEWB., 

 P. R. R. Rep., vi, 1857, 87. HEERM., P. R, R. Rep., x, pt. ii, 1859, 52. 



The large size and bright colors of this blackbird, as well as its habit 

 of. flocking together at all seasons of the year, render it conspicuous among 

 its allies, and secure it attention wherever found. Its abundance in Utah, 

 Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona is attested by its having been noted 

 everywhere in that region traversed by the survey, and by the many spec- 



