jgg- ~| E NTOMO LOGICAL XEXVS. 53 



The abdominal app en ^ a S es ol " tne Insectan germinal streak (includ- 

 ing the cerci) are homo lo S' ous with the thoracic le ' s - Herein it makes 

 no difference whether th ese appendages are attached to the middle, at the 

 side, at the front or hinc 1 mar gin ( are nieso-, pleuro-, pro-, or opisthostatic 

 in the terminology of p raher )> provided only that their cavity is imme- 

 diately continuous with that of the somite to which the V belong. The 

 fact that the abdominal appendages usually remain unsegmented in nowise 

 tends to show that they' are not f tne nature of limbs, since, for instance, 

 the mandibles also are ^segmented.* 



5 Many of the abdo m ' na ^ a PP en dages of larvae and perfect Insects are 

 homologous with the thoracic legs, even when they are secondary in 



ontogeny. 



6 The primitive funr^ on ^ tne ^ rst P a ir f the abdominal appendages 

 was ambulatory, as al that of the remaining appendages. The ances- 

 tors of the Insects wer e therefore undoubtedly homopod, not heteropod. 



7 The many-leeeed Insect 'arva? are to be derived from the six-legged' 

 just as little as are con versel y- tne hexapod larvae from the polypod; both 

 formsdeveloped inder? endent iy of one another. 



8 The embryonic e P ve 'P es ^ * ne Insects probably correspond to the 



remains of a Trochosf-* _ e - 



With regard to the c* r 'g ni of Insects, M. Cholodkovsky believes that ex- 

 istino- knowledge "see ms to decide the question still more definitely in 

 favor of the derivation ^ tne Insects from homo- and polypod and, prob- 

 ably, Scolopendrella-\^ a ncestors. Even Graber . considers it 



probable that the anc :estors of Insects were myriapod-like. ... If, 

 however we weieh th< s rea t difference between the Crustacea on the one 

 hand and the rest of tn e Arthropods on the other, a close relationship 

 between Insects and Crustaceans appears simply impossible. The Nat<- 

 fr/itts-hrm of larva ai 1 exc l us i ver y Crustacean possession, the remarkable 

 resemblance in embn rOrnc development between Insects and Peripatiis, 

 and the constitution ^ tn e respiratory and excretory organs, are facts 

 which all compel us tr* conclude that the Arthropods are at least diphyletic 

 in origin The Crust acea> indeed, are to be derived from marine Anne- 

 lids which in the co lirse ^ their development passed through the Tro- 

 chosnhere sta^e (wh^' 1 m ^-he Crustacean development became trans- 

 formed into that of tH e Naupliiis}, while for the ancestors of the Tracheata 

 we must look to ten' estr ' a '' or fresh-water Annelids, more of the Oligo- 

 chaete type." 



YFNTURFSOMF lx^ KCTS - The notes, in late numbers of the NEWS, by 

 Messrs Webster Ca' vert ant ' Cross, on " vrnturesome insects," remind 

 me that I have made tne sam e ol)st-r\;itions in regard to all the species of 

 the o-enus GraMa tl jat ^ ani tann '' ar with. \Vhen collecting, if I fail to 

 secure a specimen at '"' rst trial, 1 always stand still and the insect is suiv 

 to ali"ht on the samr- or near tne same spot. I remember one (,'nip'ii 



" Wlu-t bt-r tbf so'-mf' 11 ' 6 ^ t"" 3110 ' 1 '' 1 ' filaments of Sisyi<i and .s/,i//j belong to tbis cnte- 

 K ory is doubtful, but'can onl >' be decided by emt.ryological investigations." 



