230 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, '16 



astuta Bird. In stem and root of Stone Root or Horse Balm 

 (Collinsonia canadensis) . Pupates in ground August ist-ioth. Evi- 

 dence, white frass and dry stalk. 



aweme Lyman. Life history unknown. Habitat, Manitoba. 



cataphracta Grote and var. fluxa Bird. Very general feeder in 

 Burdock, Thistle, Parsnip and other plants, in stem and root. 

 Pupates in its burrow about August 10th. Evidence, dwarfed or 

 sickly plant, often breaking at opening. 



cerina Grote. In stem of Lilium superbum. Pupates in ground 

 about August 1st. Evidence, small hole and little frass. 



cerussata Grt. & Rob. In stem and root of Ironweed (Vernonia 

 noveboracensis). Pupates in ground about August 5th. Evidence, 

 frass and burst and often bent stem. 



circumlucens Smith. In stem and root of Dogbane (Apocynum 

 androsemifolium and canabinum) ; also in Baptisia tinctoria and 

 other plants. Pupates sometimes in burrow, more often in ground, 

 about August 1st. Evidence, wilted or brown foliage in July or if 

 stem is very thick it merely bends at the opening. There is much 

 frass of a reddish color. 



duovata Bird. In stem and root of Solidago sempcrvircns. Pu- 

 pates in burrow about August 15th. Evidence, several openings 

 in stem. 



duplicata Bird. In root of Stone Root (Collinsonia canadensis). 

 Pupates in burrow about August 15th. Evidence white frass 

 and dry stem. 



errans B. & McD. Life history unknown. Habitat, Arizona. 



erubescens Bird. In Thistle (Cirsium occidcntalc). Pupates in 

 burrow about July 25th. Evidence, frass. 



eupatorii Lyman. In lower stem and root of Eupatorium pur- 

 pureum. Pupates in burrow August ist to loth. Evidence, frass. 



frigida Smith and var. thalictri Lyman. In root of Meadow rue, 

 (Thalictrum) . Pupates in ground about August ist. Evidence, very 

 slight, little frass. Not rare. 



furcata Smith. In young shoots of Ash. Pupates in ground about 

 July 20th. Evidence during July, dried black terminal leaves. 

 The fresh shoot is first entered and when the larva leaves it a 

 new burrow is made, often a considerable distance lower, in the 

 preceding year's woody growth. Here only a clean cut hole is 

 visible, as the frass, being unusually dry, drops to ground and 

 scatters. If the terminal work is evident, a slight bending of 

 the woody portion will cause a sharp break at the point where 

 the larva is to be found. Should be located early but not taken 

 in until shortly before pupation, as ash stems dry too quick-h- 

 and larvae will not thrive. 



