Vol. XXvii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 30! 



the Aleurodids are related to the Fulgorids, which in turn are 

 closely related to the Neuropteron group, of which the 

 Coniopterygidae are members. 



The Coccidoides (Microhomoptera} or Coccid group, is 

 rather closely related to the Psyllid group, in its general 

 features, and is also related to the Aphids. A further study 

 of intermediate forms is necessary in order to determine its 

 closest affinities. 



The preceding groups of Homopteroid insects might be re- 

 garded as sub-orders of the order Homoptera. I would con- 

 sider that the Fulgorid, Coccid and Aphid groups are suffi- 

 ciently distinct to be regarded as orders, however, but this is 

 largely a matter of personal opinion. 



The Hemiptera proper (sometimes referred to as the 

 Heteroptera) are as closely related to the Homoptera as to 

 any other insects; but, aside from the similarity in structure 

 of the mouth parts, they have much less in common than is 

 ordinarily supposed, and the Hemiptera proper should un- 

 doubtedly be considered as an order distinct from the Homop- 

 tera. Four typical groups or sub-orders of the Hemiptera 

 proper are the Notonectid (Enhcniiptera) and the Capsid 

 groups (Mesohemiptera), which are among the more primitive 

 of the Hemiptera and the Pentatomid (Mctahcmiptcra} and 

 the Berytid groups (Apohemiptera) , which are more highly 

 specialized. There are other groups which might be regarded 

 as sub-orders, but the above mentioned ones will serve to 

 illustrate the principal subdivisions of the Hemiptera proper. 

 The true Hemiptera are so highly specialized that they are of 

 no great interest from the standpoint of the study of phylogeny ; 

 but the Homoptera give some valuable hints as to the rela- 

 tionships of certain of the higher forms. 



The Lepidoptera arose from ancestors whose lines of de- 

 velopment occupied a position intermediate between the 

 Chrysopid-Myrmeleonid group, and the Phrvganid-Panorpid 

 group. The line of development of the Lepidoptera also ap- 

 proaches that of the Homoptera in many respects. Some of 

 the main subdivisions of the Lepidoptera are as follows : The 



