174 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 



in Thysanura and Collembola are in reality second maxillae, 

 homologous with the first maxillae of Crustacea. Older authors, 

 considering these organs as part of either the hypopharynx or 

 the labium, called them ^paraglossse." Hansen rejects this 

 term and substitutes for it the term "maxillulse" as a more ap- 

 propriate name. Since the publication of Hansen's paper, several 

 authors have shown the existence of these so-called maxillulse 

 or of apparently homologous organs in various orders of insects. 1 



Of late, the most interesting contributions on the subject are 

 two papers, one by G. H. Carpenter and Mabel McDowell: 

 "The Mouthparts of Some Beetle-larvae" (Quart. Journ. Micr. 

 Sc. LVII, 1912, pp. 373-96), the other by G. H. Carpenter: "The 

 Presence of Maxillulse in Beetle-larva?" (Transact. 2d. Internat. 

 Congr. of Entom.) 



The existence of maxillulse in Lepidoptera was first recognized 

 by Busck and Boving. Their description of this organ is found 

 in their joint paper: "On Mnemonica auricyanea" (Proc. Ent. 

 Soc. Wash. XVI, 1914, no. 4, 151-63). Dr. Boving first dis- 

 covered the maxillulae in the imago of Mnemonica and later pointed 

 out in my drawings, what he considered to be corresponding 

 structures in the larva. In our paper on Acrocercops strigifini- 

 tella (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. XVII, 1915, no. 1, pp. 10, pi. VI, 

 fig. 1, pi. VII, fig. 3) Mr. Heinrich and the writer have de- 

 scribed and figured the maxillulse in the larva of that species. 

 I know of no other direct reference to this organ in the literature 

 on Lepidoptera. 2 



Independently from the intricate question of their true nature, 

 these organs invite our special attention on account of their in- 

 teresting modifications. The object of this paper is to describe 

 a few of the most extreme types as they appear in the lepidopter- 

 ous larvae. The material examined for this study is scattered 

 over some twenty widely divergent families. Only a few forms 

 are described in this paper as representative of the most remark- 

 able cases met in the course of researches. 



The maxillulse, or paraglossae or superlinguse 3 are situated on 

 the lateral edge of the hypopharynx. In the lepidopterous lar- 

 vae, they essentially present the appearance of protuding fleshy 



1 For Bibliography cfr. G. H. Carpenter: "The Presence of Maxillula? 

 in Beetle-larvae." Transact. 2d. Internat. Congr. of Entom, pp. 208-215, 

 in appendix of the article. 



- Dampf in his paper: "Zur Kenntniss gehiiusetragender Lepidopteren 

 larven" (Zool. Jahrb. suppl. 12 H. 13, 1910.) gives a rough figure of these 

 appendages in Eumeta sp. and considers them as belonging to the hypo- 

 pharynx. 



3 The term "superlinguae" is used by Folsom in his text-book on Ento- 

 mology (pp. 39-40), 1906. 



