ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 223 



birth who have obtained high scientific reputation in this 

 country. He was born at Hagen, Westphalia, September 16, 

 1844. His father was a professor of chemistry in a Prussian 

 university. Lugger was educated in Hagen, and in 1864 be- 

 came a lieutenant of cavalry in the Prussian army. In 1865 

 he came with his parents to the United States and secured a 

 position with the engineer corps of the army, and for two 

 years was engaged in the survey of the Great Lakes. He 

 had always been interested in entomology, and collected speci- 

 mens while engaged in his engineering work. He became 

 acquainted with the late C. V. Riley, who at that time was 

 occupied in newspaper work in Chicago, and when, in 1868, 

 Riley was appointed State Entomologist of Missouri, Lugger 

 went with him as his assistant. During the years 1868 to 

 1875, when Riley established his great reputation as economic 

 entomologist and published eight of the nine annual reports 

 which brought him lasting fame, Lugger remained his quiet, 

 unassuming, self-sacrificing and devoted helper. In 1875 he 

 married Lina Krokmann and went to Baltimore, where he 

 became the curator of the Maryland Academy of Sciences and 

 naturalist of the city parks. In 1885 he was appointed 

 assistant in the Division of Entomology of the U. S. Depart- 

 ment of Agriculture, remaining in Washington until 1888, 

 when he was appointed entomologist to the State Agricultural 

 Experiment Station of Minnesota, publishing his first bulletin 

 in this new office July 3, 1888. 



His first entomological experience in the State of Minnesota 

 was one of great interest and importance, and his vigorous 

 and intelligent action in the face of a great emergency fixed 

 his standing as a most useful officer firmly in the minds of the 

 Minnesota farmers. An enormous swarm of the Rocky Moun- 

 tain locust or western migratory grasshopper had settled down 

 in Ottertail County. By Lugger's advice and energetic field 

 work, backed as he was by a public spirited and intelligent 

 Governor (Hon. W. R. Merriam, now director of the U. S. 

 Census), who personally guaranteed the funds necessary for 

 the campaign, the hordes of destructive insects were annihi- 

 lated and great damage was averted. 



