Nov., '05] 



ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 



285 



pupating later in spring probably require less time for pupation 

 than those which pupate in winter. 



I do not know for certainty whether H. sequoiolns pupates in 

 the soil in nature, but judging from the number of deserted gal- 

 leries in the lupine as well as from the small size of the roots of 

 Helcnium pubc ridiim on which it also feeds, it is probable that 

 it pupates in the earth in nature as well as in the stems of its 

 food-plants. 



The cocoons formed in the lupine stems usually connect with 

 the exterior by a turn of the gallery in which they are spun, in 

 other cases they open between forking branches. The cocoon 

 is the whole length of the gallery which is closed below with 

 tightly packed woody fibres if formerly extended. The outer 

 end of the gallery opens through the bark. The cocoon is 

 often partly surrounded by woody fibres chewed into bits, is 

 more or less pointed at its lower end and weakly closed at the 

 entrance of the gallery by chips of wood and bark. The pupa 

 fits snugly into this cocoon which often becomes mouldy ; the 

 former in common with others of the same family is capable 

 of considerable activity, moving backwards and forwards with 

 ease. It is light amber, becoming reddish-brown on the dor- 

 sum of thorax and head, the third abdominal segment is 

 capable of slight motion, the fourth, fifth and sixth being 

 flexible while the seventh is fused with the remaining three 

 segments. From figures 2 and 3, it will be seen that the 



pupa is of nearly uniform thickness 

 bearing a few setae and provided with 

 rows of teeth on the abdominal seg- 

 ments, those 011 the venter of the 

 seventh segment being especially 

 well developed. The cephalic end 

 of the pupa bears two roughened pro- 

 jections useful in breaking through 

 the cocoon. A medium sized pupa is 

 21 mm. in length. 



When the time for emergence is at 

 hand, the pupa by the aid of its teeth, 



I'"i'<s. 2 and ;, \ i iitral and d.ir^al , ., 



aspect of pupa. and by vigorous wriggling, reacliestne 



