Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 83 



The Rate of Locomotion of Vanessa antiopa (Lep.) in different 



luminous intensities and its bearing on the "continuous 



action theory" of orientation. 



If orientation in light is dependent upon the stimulation of both 

 retinas by equal amounts of light energy, as is held by Loeb and his 

 "continuous action theory," butterflies should move more rapidly in 

 bright light than in weak. To test this the rate of movement of ten 

 specimens of Vanessa antiopa in each of two lights, one about 2000 

 times stronger than the other, was ascertained. They did not move 

 faster in the bright light than in the weak, hut, on the contrary, 70 per 

 cent, of the insects actually moved more rapidly in the weak light than 

 they did in the strong. These results support those presented previously, 

 which indicated that the orientation of Vanessa in light cannot be ac- 

 counted for on the basis of Loeb's theory. Moreover, some positive 

 evidence has been obtained in favor of the theory that orientation is 

 dependent upon the time rate of the change of intensity, since the 

 results of some experiments seem to indicate that Vanessa moves faster 

 in intermittent than in continuous light. W. L. DOLLEY, JR., Randolph- 

 Macon College (in Abstracts of Proceedings, Amer. Soc. Zool., Dec. 

 27-29, 1916). 



Kntomological Literature. 



COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN. 



Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the 

 Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En- 

 tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and 

 Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted; 

 but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, how- 

 ever, whether relating to American or exotic species, will be recorded. 



The numbers in Heavy- Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered 

 in the following list, in which the papers are published. 



All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their 

 first installments. 



The records of papers containing new species are all grouped at the 

 end of each Order of which they treat. Unless mentioned in the title, 

 the number of the new species occurring north of Mexico are given at 

 end of title, within brackets. 



For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, 

 Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied En- 

 tomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Ento- 

 mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B. 



4 The Canadian Entomologist. 11 Annals and Magazine of 

 Natural History, London. 50 Proceedings, U. S. National Mu- 

 seum. 51 Novitates Zoologicae, Tring, England. 68 Science, 

 New York. 87 Bulletin, Societe Entomologique de France, Paris. 

 92 Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Insektenbiologie. 153 Bulle- 

 tin, American Museum of Natural History, New York. 179 Jour- 

 nal of Economic Entomology. 189 Journal of Entomology and 



