388 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Nov., 'l/ 



reference to a translation of Du Halde. He was the first to 

 have a good supply of the galls and his came from Canton. 



A few years later an article appeared (Bell, 1848), describ- 

 ing the insect found within the galls as a new species under the 

 name of Aphis chinensis. This name has by some writers been 

 credited to Doubleday, but since the article was unsigned Jacob 

 Bell must be considered the author. 



Stein (1849) gave a rather complete analysis and obtained 

 69 per cent, of tannic acid and 4 per cent, of other tannins. 



Pereira (1850) again mentions the gall and figures it, stating 

 that it is produced by an aphid. 



Buchner (1851) considered the tannin present in these as 

 the same as that of oakbark and he gave analyses of other 

 galls for comparison. 



The first account to appear in an American journal was pub- 

 lished by Archer (1865). After mentioning the Chinese and 

 Japanese galls he says : ''There is a gall called Kakarasinghee 

 or Kakrasingee produced on 'Rhus Kakrasinglicc (Royal) 

 used by the tanners of India." He also mentions a gall he has 

 from Shanghi, which he states is intermediate between the 

 Kakarasinghee and the Woo-pei-tsze. 



In India karkata sringi is sometimes applied to a gall on 

 Rhus. This name, however, should seemingly be used for the 

 gall mentioned above by Archer. The tree he speaks of is the 

 northwest form of Pistacia khinjuk Stocks and the galls on 

 this are the karkata sringi of the Sanscrit. Various names are 

 used ill the different languages as kak rasing/ (Hind.), kakra- 

 sringi (Beng.), kakara-shingi (Tel.) and dushtapuchattu 

 (Kan.). In Tamil, however, kadn kazipit is used for these 

 galls and kakkata shingi often applied to the galls on the Rhus 

 succedania. The former tree can hardly be confused as it has 

 been well known many years, the wood being sold as lumber 

 up in the hills at Simla and elsewhere. Rhus scmialata, which 

 is the host of the Chinese galls in Japan and China, occurs in 

 the outer Himalayas, according to Watt (1892), but, so far 

 as the writer can learn, is not galled there. It would seem then 

 that none of the various forms of the karkata sringi are the 



